Seven mounted photographs and five pamphlets from the Abortion Rights Association of New York, later known as the Abortion Rights Association, Inc., dating between 1972 and 1974. Pamphlets explain abortion procedures, clinic and physician guidelines, and women's rights to abortion, largely designed to address and implement the Supreme Court decision Roe v. Wade. Photographs (which contain captions) include black-and-white images of tools used in self-induced abortions; coroner's office photographs of deceased women following self-induced abortions; morgue photographs of infanticide victims; and images of fetuses in utero.

Collection consists of a set of seven mounted photographs, apparently intended for exhibition, and a set of five pro-choice pamphlets created by the Abortion Rights Association of New York (later known as Abortion Rights Association, Inc.). The photographs include coroner's office photographs of deceased women following self-inflicted abortions; morgue photographs of infanticides; equipment and tools used in self-inflicted abortions; and fetuses in utero, one with deformed brain. Author of the included captions is unknown. The pamphlets, written to assist New York physicians and practioners implementing the Supreme Court Roe v. Wade ruling, address women's rights to clinical abortions, abortion laws, counseling and guidance on policies, and references to New York abortion clinics and practitioners.

Amelia Opie (1769-1853) was an English novelist and poet. Collection comprises 14 letters, 5 engraved portraits of Opie, a copy made by her father of two of her songs as well as four lines of poetry she wrote in French, and a draft for twenty guineas.

Collection comprises 14 letters, 5 engraved portraits of Opie, a copy made by her father of two of her songs as well as four lines of poetry she wrote in French, and a draft for twenty guineas. Several of the letters are written to unidentified recipients, but other addressees include two friends, Susan Reeve and Anne Pryse, along with Charles Stokes Dudley; L.T. Ventouillac; Thomas Richardson, Jr.; Joseph Watson; Lord Cholmondeley; and a "Mrs. Lee." Topics include invitations to visit or dine, requesting the loan of lectures or return of her manuscripts, editorial alterations for her poetry, her travel plans or those of others, her support of applicants for the London Orphan Asylum, her appreciation for a contribution to a bazzar, and the biography of Lord Eldon. Following her conversion to Quakerism in 1825, she followed their dating convention rejecting the names of the months. All dates in the collection guide have been converted to Gregorian style. Each of the engravings is unique; one of them was published following Opie's death.

Batya Weinbaum is a Jewish American artist, musician, poet, author, editor and professor. In addition to founding and editing the interdisciplinary feminist journal Femspec, she has published 17 books and more than 250 articles, poems, essays and reviews. She has made contributions to the fields of multiculturalism, women's studies, sexuality studies and education. The collection documents her personal and professional history, containing materials related to Weinbaum's writing and research, including drafts of her books, materials related to the journal Femspec, and several decades of journals and sketchbooks.

This collection documents Weinbaum's personal life, education and professional life. The papers are arranged into the following thirteen series: Legal, Correspondence, Press, Activities, Research and Scholarship, Art, Writing, Teaching, Photography, Print Materials, Journals, Family Memorabilia and Audiovisual Materials.

The first series largely documents Weinbuam's lawsuit against Cleveland State University from 2004-2006. The second series contains correspondence primarily related to Weinbaim's teaching and publications, and includes letters she exchanged with influential figures in various fields such as contemporary American literature, multiculturalism, women's studies, poetry, music composition and education. The third and fourth series include press and reviews related to Weinbaum's personal writings and artwork, as well as items associated with workshops, speaking engagements and other activities given or attended by Weinbaum. Her Handmaid's Gate Camp project in Floyd, VA is documented in series four. The next four series contain substantial materials related to Weinbaum's writing and research, including: drafts of her books, poetry, academic publications, artwork, music and materials related to editing and publishing the journal FemSpec. The Teaching series also encompasses syllabi and course materials used during Weinbaum's time as a graduate student instructor and as a professional at Cleveland State University and Pacifica Graduate Institute.

The collection also includes an extensive Photography series, with photographs/negatives Weinbaum took professionally as a documentary photographer in South America and Mexico; fieldwork in China and Israel, as well as family photo albums and scrapbooks. The eleventh series contains several decades of journals, notebooks and sketchbooks. The Family Memorabilia series documents Weinbaum's relationship with her daughter, Ola Liota Weinbaum. The Audiovisual Materials series has electronic files in a variety of formats including: floppy discs, cassettes, CD-ROMs, DVD-ROMs and VHS tapes. These files encompass Weinbaum's writing and material related to Femspec. The contents of Weinbuam's hard drive are also described throughout the series where appropriate. Where possible, Weinbuam's original folder titles and descriptions have been retained.

Betsy Gamble Hansen was an author and Duke University alumna. In 2000, she founded the Oglethorpe University Women's Network, and she belonged to Duke University's Council on Women's Studies for three years. The Betsy Gamble Hansen Papers include drafts of and papers related to Gamble's writings, especially related to her book, Portals, Menzies family correspondence, clippings, and other papers. Materials range in date from 1902 to 2003, with the bulk being from 1902-1960 and 1996-2003.

The Betsy Gamble Hansen papers are organized into two series. The Writings series includes drafts of Hansen's 2003 novel Portals, iterations of which existed under the titles A Communion of Saints, A Gathering of Saints and Sinners, The Hawk and the Myna Bird, and Tapestry Tales. Also included in this series are papers related to the publication of the book, including publishing contracts, typeface samples, prospectuses, copyright forms, and estimates. The Menzies Family correspondence and other papers series contains letters received by Hansen's grandmother, E.B. Menzies, of Hickory, North Carolina, and her immediate family, clippings, and other papers. The bulk of the correspondence in this series was written by Menzies's sons, Bruce, George, and Tom Menzies, and her daughters Mary Stuart Menzies Tarrant and Jane Menzies Gamble (Betsy Gamble Hansen's mother). Other frequent correspondents include Tom's wife, Frances Menzies, and George's wife, Betty Menzies. Also included are birthday cards, Christmas cards, and letters for E.B. Menzies from friends. Two folders labeled "Family Correspondence" consist of correspondence between E.B. Menzies's children and their spouses. Peppered throughout these folders are letters from E.B. Menzie's grandchildren, including Betsy Gamble Hansen.

Mrs. E. B. Menzies was born Reesie Tipton Warren in 1880 in Emory, Virignia and died in 1961. She lived most of her life in Hickory, NC. She married Edward Bruce Menzies in 1902, and they remained together until Edward died in 1924. Most of the pre-1930 correspondence in the collection consists of letters from E.B. Menzies's extended family and a few letters from her children while away at camp. The children wrote infrequently in the 1930s. During this time Tom, George, and Bruce traveled across the country from their hometown of Hickory, North Carolina, in search of work, while Jane and Mary Stuart remained at home. From 1932-1935, the three men each attended the Colorado School of Mines and performed construction work for the Works Progress Administration (WPA) project to build the Hoover Dam, then held temporary jobs in several different cities before settling in California. Tom and Bruce attended college while George appears to have continued working.

During World War II, each of E.B. Menzies's sons enlisted as United States Navy Seabees in the Pacific Theater, and began to write home much more frequently. Tom graduated in 1942 and was immediately subject to the draft, while Bruce and George began service several months later. None of the three men appear to have seen much conflict, and each survived the war unharmed, although Bruce did stay in a Navy Hospital for some time, apparently due to a stomach illness. Jane and Mary Stuart kept in frequent contact with their brothers throughout the war. All three men were discharged by 1945.

In the late 1940s and 1950s, each of E.B. Menzies's sons settled in California with their wives and children. George began working for a rail line, Tom took a job at a mill, and Bruce sold insurance. E.B. Menzies moved to California to teach for two years before moving back to North Carolina. Each of her children kept in regular correspondence with her throughout the 1950s, but the letters stop in 1961, when E.B. Menzies died.

In addition to the correspondence in this series, this series contains clippings and other papers compiled by E.B. Menzies, including a small amount of financial papers, prescriptions, and materials relating to her children.

Bill Brown is a filmmaker, photographer, and zinester from Lubbock, Texas. His films explore the landscapes of North America, including the United States–Mexico border, North Dakota missile silos, and the Trans-Canada Highway, and have been exhibited at film festivals and museums around the world. He received a BFA from Harvard in 1992 and a MFA from CalArts in 1997. Brown is the author of a zine called Dream Whip as well as a novel on the underground in L.A., Saugus to the Sea. In January 2013, Bill Brown donated his personal collection of zines, comprising 186 titles and almost 250 issues in total. Although Brown never actively collected zines, he was always eager to barter and trade with other zine makers. The resulting collection includes zines spanning from the mid-1990s to the early 2000s. The zines are arranged alphabetically by title.

In January 2013, Bill Brown donated his personal collection of zines, comprising 186 titles and almost 250 issues in total. Although Brown never actively collected zines, he was always eager to barter and trade with other zine makers. The resulting collection includes zines spanning from the mid-1990s to the early 2000s. The zines are arranged alphabetically by title.

This collection consists of zines, primarily authored by women, acquired as donations from multiple collectors or purchased from book stores, zine fairs, and zine distributors. Acquired as part of the Sallie Bingham Center for Women's History and Culture.

This collection consists of zines, primarily authored by women and people of marginalized genders, acquired as donations from multiple collectors or purchased from book stores, zine fairs, and zine distributors. Some zines in accession 2022-0179 were written during the first year of the covid-19 pandemic.

Camp Fire Girls, now called Camp Fire, was founded in 1912 as an outdoor education program for girls and teenage women. This collection includes examples of Camp Fire Girls membership cards and forms, catalogs, programming materials, educational resources, administrative records and notes, correspondence, yearbooks, and some ephemera including a ceremonial dress and charter. Includes some materials from Mrs. Marion Hunt who served as a Camp Fire Girls guardian in the Boston, Mass. area in the 1940s.

This collection includes examples of Camp Fire Girls and Blue Birds membership cards and forms, catalogs, programming materials, crafting projects, songs, educational resources, administrative records and notes, correspondence, scrapbooks, homemade yearbooks, and some ephemera including a ceremonial dress and charter. Includes some materials from Camp Fire Girls in New England, New Mexico, Indiana, and other unidentified places. Includes extensive programming and planning materials from Mrs. Marion Hunt who served as a Camp Fire Girls guardian in the Arlington and Boston, Mass. area in the 1940s.

Collection contains personal and professional papers of Claudia Horwitz, a Chapel Hill spiritual activist, author, and founder of Stone Circles.

Collection includes, but is not limited to writings, research and subject files, project files, talks/speeches, and files documenting group work.

Consists of 75 trade samples and sachets of cosmetics, powders, makeup, soaps and scented paraphernalia. Companies are primarily based in the United States, but Canadian and French perfumers are also represented, including Andrew Jergens, California Perfume (later Avon), Colgate, Frederick Ingram, Furst-McNess, Johnson & Johnson, Larkin, Lehn & Fink and Richard Hudnut. Poems and testimonials on packaging from Ethel Barrymore, Kate Greenaway, Mrs. Leslie Carter and Modjeska. Acquired as part of the John W. Hartman Center for Sales, Advertising & Marketing History and the Sallie Bingham Center for Women's History and Culture.

Delouis Wilson is an African American artist, and jewelry designer, and art collector, based in Durham, North Carolina. The papers comprise her journals (1977-2008); calendars; sketchbooks, art school notebooks, and loose pieces of mixed media artwork. The journals, currently closed to use, document in detail her personal life, travels in the U.S. and abroad, including time spent in Tunisia in the Peace Corps, life in Durham, N.C., and employment as a jewelry designer. The collection also includes 30 large photographic studio portraits of African Americans, almost all hand-tinted crayon enlargements, dating from about 1890 to 1945 and collected by Wilson chiefly in the Southern U.S. Acquired as part of the Archive of Documentary Arts, the Bingham Center for Women's History and Culture, and the John Hope Franklin Research Center for African and African American History and Culture at Duke University.

The papers of Delouis Wilson, an artist and jewelry designer based in North Carolina, consist of a set of 27 journals (1977-2008, currently closed); a few calendar notebooks; sketchbooks and notebooks from her time at Atlanta College of Art; and loose pieces of artwork. An important component of Wilson's archive consists of a collection of 30 large photographic portraits of African Americans dating from the late 1880s to about 1940, collected by Wilson chiefly in the American South.

Wilson's journals (closed to use by donor request), calendars, and notebooks document in detail the personal life of the artist, life in Durham, N.C., her travels abroad and in the U.S., including time in Tunisia in the Peace Corps, and her career as a jewelry designer. They include small illustrations contain as well as laid-in items such as letters and postcards; some have handmade covers constructed of textiles and other non-paper materials.

The artwork, sketchbooks, and art notebooks present a mix of drawings, sketches, prints, textile work, and mixed-media color paintings created by Wilson during and shortly after her art school years, all 8x11 inches or less. The notebooks also include art school class notes and handouts, creative writings, and personal notes such as recipes, lists, housing notes, and addresses. There are self-portraits scattered throughout, including a larger piece from 1990 laid into a sketchbook. Also in the collection is one large color photograph of an African American woman by Wilson. The artworks range in size from 4 1/2 x 6 to 16x20 inches.

A central component of the collection are thirty historic studio portraits of individual Black men and women (1890s-1940s), with some of couples and families, collected by Wilson in thrift shops and flea markets throughout the Southern U.S. Most belong to a process called crayon enlargements. The studios developed faint enlargements of the photographic images on convex pieces of thick card stock, then outlined and filled them with ink, crayon, or pastel pigments to resemble a painting. One portrait in the collection is a fully-developed gelatin silver photograph. A few smaller portraits are sized approximately 10x8 to 13x9 inches; the majority are larger, ranging from 19x13 to to 20x16 inches. Most of the prints are hand-tinted with a variety of tecniques, but some are black-and-white, and some are on flat rather than convex mounts.

Dorothy Allison is an author and feminist who has written numerous books and short stories, including Trash (1988), Bastard Out of Carolina (1992), and Cavedweller (1998). The Dorothy Allison Papers include drafts and manuscripts of her writings (including Bastard Out of Carolina, Trash, Cavedweller, and other works), personal and professional correspondence, research materials and subject files, her personal journals, and other materials. Includes some photographs, electronic files, and oversize materials. Acquired as part of the Sallie Bingham Center for Women's History and Culture.

The Dorothy Allison Papers include drafts and manuscripts of her writings (including Bastard Out of Carolina, Trash, Cavedweller, and other works). All of Allison's unpublished works are RESTRICTED and require permission from the creator prior to use. Personal and professional correspondence, including exchanges with her publishers and other authors, are held in the chronological and work files. The collection also contains Allison's research materials and subject files, covering topics on feminism, lesbianism, sexuality, pornography, writing, and other related files. Allison's journals, dating from 1985 through the 2000s, consist of both handwritten and electronic formats, with all of the electronic journals printed for the archive. All of Allison's journals are RESTRICTED and require permission from the creator prior to use. Also included are materials from her speaking engagements, workshops, and other professional activities. There are a variety of special formats within the collection, including some photographs, electronic files, audio tapes, video cassettes, DVDs, and oversize posters.

Collection was acquired as part of the Sallie Bingham Center for Women's History and Culture.

Elizabeth Annie Dickenson was a white British nurse stationed in Wales and Lahore during World War I. This collection contains two captioned albums with Dickenson's photographs of herself and other nurses and soldiers; two certificates documenting Dickenson's nursing and midwifery service; a nurse's scarf; and a framed portrait of an unidentified nurse. Acquired as part of the History of Medicine Collection (Duke University) and the Sallie Bingham Center for Women's History and Culture.

The collection contains two photograph albums, two certificates, a woven scarf, and a small framed portrait of a nurse. The albums contain snapshots and candid photographs taken by or collected by Elizabeth Annie Dickenson, as well as some handwritten captions recording names, places, and dates of images. A larger album has about 140 photographs and appears to be based solely at the Bodlondeb Auxiliery Hospital in Bangor, Wales, where Dickenson worked as a nurse during World War I. Images include scenes of nurses and soldiers at the hospital as well as leisure outings to local sites in nearby Welsh towns. This album also contains two signatures from Princess Victoria, who appears in some of the photographs during her visit to the hospital.

A second album, "Autographs," has a range of images from different sources and periods of time, including Bodlondeb and other locations in Wales in 1916-1917; some images of Lahore, including Mayo Hospital, in 1919; and at least one 1906 photograph of Dickenson with other nurses. This album also contains a 1936 note and photograph of children dated 1924.

The certificates relate to Dickenson's nursing career - one is a midwife certification, issued 1906, and the other is a commendation issued by the Joint War Committee of the British Red Cross Society and the Order of St. John of Jerusalem in England, dated approximately 1918.

The framed portrait is presumably of Elizabeth Annie Dickenson in uniform, but is unlabeled and undated.

Professional papers of Elizabeth Grosz, professor in the Gender, Sexuality, and Feminist Studies Department at Duke University. Materials include her scholarly work, teaching files, and her students' work.

Professional papers of feminist philosopher, Elizabeth (Liz) Grosz: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Grosz. Materials encompass her scholarly work, including research files, manuscripts and typescripts of writings, publications, as well as student work, teaching files including syllabi, lecture notes, etc., and ephemera.

The Equal Rights Amendment is an amendment proposed to the United States Constitution which would seek to guarantee equal rights to all American citizens regardless of their sex. It was first proposed in Congress in 1923 by Alice Paul and Crystal Eastman, and was reintroduced at every congressional session until it was finally passed by the 92nd Congress in 1972. This collection consists of printed materials and circulated literature both supporting and opposing early iterations of the Equal Rights Amendment, largely dating from the 1930s-1940s.

Collection consists of circulated pamphlets, handouts, and literature issued both opposing and supporting the Equal Rights Amendment. Materials date from the early and mid-twentieth century and discuss the different legal opinions between the adopting the ERA versus adopting or upholding additional protective legislation for women. These materials appear to have been received by Duke University Libraries as subscriptions in the 1940s, and added to the Perkins Library Pamphlet Collection. They were later transferred to Rubenstein Library.

The United Nations' Fourth World Conference on Women was held in Beijing, China, in 1995 and built on political agreements that had been reached at the three previous global conferences on women. Collection includes conference publications, information packets, schedules, and posters collected by attendee Margot Smith, as well as videos produced by Smith. All materials date from 1995 unless otherwise indicated.

Collection includes conference publications, information packets, schedules, and posters collected by attendee Margot Smith. Also included are recordings of conference proceedings and other videos produced by Margot and her company, Off Center Video. Margot's daughter, Janet Linney, was a videographer at the conference and helped produce the recordings. All materials date from 1995 unless otherwise indicated.

Jonathan and Hannah Chapman Backhouse were members of the Society of Friends (Quakers) in England in the mid-1800s. Their son, Edmund Backhouse, married Juliet Fox in 1848. This collection contains personal correspondence between members of the different connected Quaker families based in England, as well as some diaries, genealogical notes, and other printed ephemera from the family. Forms part of the Lisa Unger Baskin Collection in the Sallie Bingham Center for Women's History and Culture.

The collection consists of correspondence, writings, and other ephemeral materials relating to the Fox and Backhouse families, along with materials relating to nineteenth century Quaker communities and families in England. The bulk of the collection is correspondence between different members of the Backhouse family, including Jonathan and Hannah Chapman Backhouse, their son Edmund Backhouse and his wife Juliet Fox, and their grandson Jonathan Edmund (Jed) Backhouse. Caroline Fox is also a routine correspondant. The letters discuss family news, personal activities and travel, religious sentiments.

There are two excerpts of diaries which appear to be by different authors and may relate to Hannah Chapman Backhouse's travels to the United States in the 1830s, or to another family member's travels in Europe or the Middle East. The handwriting of these pages is challenging and the excerpts are unattributed and appear to be undated, so more research would be helpful.

Also present in the collection are some writings, including essays and poetry, typically spiritual or relating to prayer, as well as some honorifics for Edmund Backhouse and a copy of his obituary. There are some manuscript riddles, some watercolors, and some sketches of scenes and still lifes. The collection also includes some ceremonial documents, including a letter from the Society of Friends declaring support for Hannah and Jonathan Backhouse's travels to the United States.

Harriet Root was a white American nurse who served with the Army Nurse Corps at U.S. Army Base Hospital No. 14 in Mars sur Allier, France, and later at Vannes Camp Hospital 91, France. This collection consists largely of her letters home to her family as well as some letters her family received from her friends and fellow nurses. Also contains incomplete run (scattered issues 1918-1919) of The Martian, a newspaper published by Hospital Base 14; Root collected and sent these issues to her family.

This collection contains correspondence from Harriet I. Root to her family, particularly her mother, while Root was stationed in France as part of the Army Nurse Corps between 1918 and 1919, during and immediately following World War I.

Root's letters describe her life and work at U.S. Army Base Hospital No. 14 in Mars sur Allier, which was still in the process of being established when she first arrived in August 1918. She writes of her work as a nurse treating soldiers arriving by hospital train from the front, as well as of her leisure time, living conditions, and news from family and friends. Letters from late 1918 record the steady infrastructure improvements for the hospital. Some letters have been censored, and most indicate that they have been reviewed by the Army's censor. Root also discusses her homesickness and some of the injuries and other trauma she witnessed when receiving and caring for wounded soldiers. She describes celebrating Halloween and Christmas with some camp parties and caroling. She also discusses the 1918 influenza pandemic which hit the camp but which she said was "light" compared to what was happening in the United States. Root was transferred to Vannes Camp Hospital 91 in spring of 1919, and was stationed there and at the Embarkation Center in France until summer 1919. She traveled home to Chicago via London and Edinburgh in July 1919.

Most of the collection's letters are from Root to her parents and sister, Constance (Connie). Other letters to Harriet's mother (Mrs. Frank K. Root) are also present in the collection from Harriet's friends and fellow nurses, including her roommate Harriet Liers, as well as a few items from Frank Ayers, who Harriet Root later married.

There are some real photo postcards that Root used for letter-writing, showing the buildings and landscape of the camp and labeled with annotations by Root. There are other printed photograph postcards also used for letters, numbered sequentially and showing scenes from Vannes and other areas of France.

The collection also contains some late 1918 and early 1919 issues of The Martian, an Army newspaper for the U.S. Base 14. Root collected these to send to her family. The Martian discusses camp life, containing soldier and nurse submissions, poetry, jokes, and other articles and anecdotal news items. Some issues contain cartoons or artwork, some of which depict racist stereotypes or which contain exaggerated caricatures. One issue contains an article about "Annamites," referring to Vietnamese from colonial French Indochina who worked in France, including at the base hospital, in support of the Allied war effort. The newspaper discusses the Vietnamese workers in paternalistic and racially derogatory terms.

Henry Philip David (1923-2009) was a pioneering researcher in the field of reproductive behavior and public policy and is known for his longitudinal studies on the psychological aspects of abortion, as well as his extensive international collaboration and research. He founded the Transnational Family Research Institute in Bethesda, M.D., in 1972. Collection includes materials documenting David's professional life and research, as well as his work with the Transnational Family Research Institute and coordinating the Psychosocial Workshops.

The Henry David papers span the years 1943-2022 and contain materials documenting his professional life, including monographs, photocopied and reprinted journal articles, grey literature, correspondence, subject files, reports, grant proposals, travel brochures, journals, correspondence, conference papers, media clippings, legal reviews of international abortion rights, assessment measures, and questionnaires. It provides extensive documentation of his international family planning research, his international collaborations, his research on adolescents, the legal standing of abortion, abortion as it relates to mental health, and documentations of his work with the Transnational Family Research Institute.

Elizabeth Symonds was born in 1796 and lived at Pengethley Manor in England. This collection includes 49 watercolor, gouache, and graphite paintings of Hummingbirds by Elizabeth Symonds. Acquired as part of the Sallie Bingham Center for Women's History and Culture.

49 watercolor, gouache, and graphite paintings of Hummingbirds by Elizabeth Symonds. Each painting is accompanied by a glassine sheet with the Latin name and English equivalent of the hummingbird written in ink (except for number xliv which is missing). The watercolors were formerly bound in a volume with a manuscript title page. The volume was previously disbound and only a photocopy of the title page remains.

Media critic, feminist author and documentary filmmaker based in Massachusetts. Collection spans 1918-2014 and includes: clippings; tear sheets; correspondence; research reports and other printed materials; slides and slide presentation texts; audiovisual materials in multiple formats including 8mm and 16mm films, audio and video cassettes; book drafts and research files used for teaching and production of Kilbournes books and films. Acquired as part of the John W. Hartman Center for Sales, Advertising & Marketing History and the Sallie Bingham Center for Women's History & Culture.

Collection spans 1918-2014 and includes: clippings; tear sheets; correspondence; research reports and other printed materials; slides and slide presentation texts; audiovisual materials in multiple formats including 8mm and 16mm films, audio and video cassettes; book drafts and research files used for teaching and production of Kilbournes books and films. Acquired as part of the John W. Hartman Center for Sales, Advertising & Marketing History and the Sallie Bingham Center for Women's History & Culture.