This series chronicles Franklin's work as a professor of history. It includes materials documenting his role as a mentor and advisor to numerous undergraduate and graduate students, his lecture notes and other classroom materials, and his administrative and committee work at various institutions. Student Files make up a significant portion of the series. Franklin kept files on particular students, arranged by name, from Brooklyn College or the University of Chicago. Teaching Materials consists largely of general lecture notes from various courses Franklin taught through his career. The Colleges and Universities subseries has been arranged by school, with the majority of files stemming from Franklin's work at Brooklyn College, University of Cambridge, University of Chicago, and Duke University. This subseries includes materials relating to Franklin's appointments and employment as well as department and university-level correspondence, events, and committees.

Primarily contains business and Spengler and Kress family correspondence, especially between Joseph and his wife Dot (circa 1919-1976). Also includes manuscripts for Dot's genealogical novel, Family Saga in America (circa 1930s); Joseph's work, Life in America; and Dot's journals and diaries (1924-1939, 1969). There are Christmas cards, postcards, and newspaper clippings; photographs of family and friends, including 2 tintypes, 32 cartes-de-visite, 1 color and 91 black-and-white prints, and 76 healthy nitrate negatives; and lace knitted by Dot's grandmother.

Also includes 6 photograph albums kept by Dot. Two contain photos taken by her with a brownie camera in and of Piqua, OH (1914-1919). One contains photographs and memorabilia depicting her life as a college student at Miami University (OH, 1919-1921). Three contain photos of the Spengler's homes, friends, and life in Tuscon, AZ; Tampa, FL (1930-1938); and Durham, NC and at Duke University (1932-1940). The are also records the 1938 Duke University faculty baseball team.

16 boxes supposedly have "graphic material:" 19, 23, 26, 28, 35, 38, 48, 60, 90-96, and 98.

Primarily records of the American Economic Review,, specifically office files consisting of correspondence, manuscripts, book reviews, and referee reports (1969-1998). There are also records for the American Economic Association (1886-1984) and the Committee on the Status of Women in the Economics Profession (CSWEP, 1972-1993), including histories, reports, minutes, newsletters, statistics, and material related to membership, conferences, and boards. There is a small set of office files for the Journal of Economic Literature (1975, 1984-1994, and undated). In addition, there are 50 black-and-white photographs of former AEA presidents, a 39x10-inch black-and-white group photograph taken at an unidentified meeting, 48 rolls of microfilm from various journals (mostly AER), 63 microfiche of JEL correspondence ([1968]-1980), 7 reel-to-reel audiotapes, and 15 floppy disks from CSWEP.

Largely reports and studies by Applied Econometrics for various clients, including railroads, paper companies, copper, newspaper, and electric power. Also includes working papers and charts, offprints and reprints, Economic Measures publications, some correspondence, and other miscellaneous material related to Roos' work, especially post-World War II.

This series contains research and preparation materials used in publishing Robert Hill's Marcus Garvey and Universal Negro Improvement Association Papers, American Volumes I-VII (1846-1940). The series chronicles Garvey's life in Jamaica, his travels through the Caribbean, the founding and evolution of the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) in the United States, and his fraud conviction, deportation to Jamaica, and eventual death in England. This series also includes Hill's Annotated and Indexed Subjects for the unpublished Volume VIII of the series, which covers Africa.

The Archaeology series contains pamphlets, offprints, extracts, and many illustrated pieces. It is a small group of 233 pamphlets.

Of importance are the pamphlets concerning numismatics, particular excavations during the nineteenth century, papyrus studies, ancient art, and Italian ceramics. There is even an unusual and probably rare guide to the pornographic artifacts in the Museum of Archeology in Naples.

Authors of interest include Medea Norsa, a well-known papyrologist of the nineteenth century, Luigi Pernier, Corrado Ricci, Giuseppe Gerola, Guido Ferrari, Santi Muratori, Astorre Pellegrini, E. Teza, Luigi Milani, Luigi Rizzoli, Settimio Severo, and Luigi Chiappelli.

Related subjects and areas of overlap are found in the Italian Art series and perhaps in the history-related subject areas.

The bulk of this series consists of MacKinnon's diaries, which range in format from loose typescript pages to small bound manuscript volumes. This series also includes MacKinnon's drafts, research, and notes regarding his autobiography, which he never published.

Includes a newspaper clipping announcing Jesse Harrison Epperson's appointment to the Durham, N.C. Health Department in 1915, and several resolutions and obituaries from 1954 that commemorate his origins and his 43-year career in the Department, along with other clippings and a certificate. Additional materials related to his career can be found in the Clippings series and Photographs series.

Various material that records details and events in Hamilton's life and career; includes a curriculum vita and a list of his publications. Arranged in original order.

These records document operations at the City Auditorium of Asheville, North Carolina, managed by Hubert Hayes from about 1945 to 1954. Entertainment documented in these records includes dances, athletic events, shows on ice, holiday-themed shows, patriotic entertainment, barber shop quartets, and solo performances by vocalists and other musicians. Materials include calendars, correspondence related to operations, correspondence with entertainers and business friends, printed Auditorium publicity items, photographs, financial reports, union contracts and other legal documents, and media/agent packets for entertainers and acts.

Arranged in the following subseries named after North Carolina Mutual departments and offices: Actuary, Agency in Force, Auditing, Controller, Corporate Planning, Executive Committee, Facilities, Medical Department, Office of the President, Public Relations, and Personnel Files (closed). There is also an oversize section at the end of each subseries or smaller subgrouping. The Office of the President Series holds the records from the following presidents: William J. Kennedy, Jr., Asa T. Spaulding, Sr., Joseph W. Goodloe, William J. Kennedy, III, and Bert Collins. Company office functions and spaces are also represented in other formats in the Exhibits, Photographic Material, Memorabilia and Artifacts, and Recordings Series.

The incoming and outgoing correspondence in this large series was created or collected chiefly by male members of the Hemphill family over many generations; there are also letters from and to women in the family. Topics discussed by correspondents cover almost all aspects of social, economic, religious, educational, and political conditions in South Carolina and other Southern states during the last half of the 19th century and into the early 20th. Many of the letters, especially in the earlier decades, discuss the Presbyterian church, for which several Hemphills were ministers. There are also many comments on national-level politics and presidencies, as well as events during those particular periods. Additional correspondence covering many of these same topics is found in the letterbooks found in the Volumes series.

Enslavement and states' rights, abolition, secession, and the movements of free people of color or formerly enslaved people are discussed in many letters before, during, and after the Civil War. There are repeated letters throughout the correspondence commenting on the repatriation of Africans and African Americans to Africa, and refer to the activities of the American Colonization Society and the American Commission on Liberia (1909). There are also references in early 20th century papers to race relations in the South and related politics; a speech by Oswald Garrison Villard, newspaper editor, co-founder of the NAACP, and early civil rights activist, sometime in the early 1910s, talks about segregation in Baltimore and Washington.

There are Associate Reformed Presbyterian sermons in the Sermons series that also speak to enslavement and the Southern States.

There are many letters that speak to specific significant political events and presidencies, including Jefferson Davis's Confederate administration, and discuss life for men and women of some wealth in cities and rural locations in the Confederate states. The letters in this series also cover military events and related issues in South Carolina as well as in Texas, where John Harrison Hemphill was located, such as the conflict with Mexico, and violent offensives against Native Americans in western states.

Correspondence (and other papers in the collection) following the 1870s chiefly document James Calvin (J.C.) Hemphill's career as a newspaper editor, but also speak to politics, "yellow journalism," Southern race relations, economic conditions, and society in the Southern States in the early 20th century. Some letters refer to events in World War I.

The latter portion of the collection includes a number of letters from William Howard Taft and Daniel H. Chamberlain, both of whom were friends of J.C. Hemphill; from Mrs. Francis W. Dawson I; and from various members of the Hemphill family. Correspondents who write on press affairs in the late 19th and early 20th centuries include C. A. Boynton, W. R. Cathcart, and S. J. Barrows. Other writers are Sarah (Morgan) Dawson, J. H. Averell, and J. S. Cothran.

In the last half of the series there is also a considerable quantity of correspondence of Robert Reid Hemphill until his death in 1908.

Chiefly correspondence between Cox and both white supremacisists and Black separatists regarding racial separation and segregation. Also personal correspondence with his family, some relating to his travels and to his service in the American Expeditionary Forces in Europe, and 19th century letters concerning his relatives in Tennessee. Arranged chronologically.

Correspondents include Marcus Garvey, Mittie Maude Lean Gordon, Benjamin Gibbons, William Langer, Wickliffe P. Draper, Madison Grant, S. A. Davis, W. A. Plecker, Willis A. Carto, and Amy Jacques Garvey, widow of Marcus Garvey, among others.

The Correspondence series is divided into five subseries: the William Richardson Abbot and Lucy Ridgway Minor Abbot subseries; Bellevue High School subseries; Abbot Family (1) subseries; Abbot Family (2) subseries; and the Minor Family subseries.

The Correspondence Series includes William Abbot's personal letters to his wife and family, as well as several from his mother and sisters. Correspondence from the Civil War consists predominantly of Abbot's romantic exchanges with Lucy Minor, which also document Abbot's daily life as a clerk in the War Office in Richmond, his duties as an officer on recruiting assignments in Georgia and his experiences in the field in Virginia. Abbot's letters from 1864-1865 describe conditions at various camps and picket lines in and around Appomattox, where Abbot was present during General Lee's surrender.

The letters of Abbot's widowed mother and sisters speak to women's experiences of everyday life during wartime. The Abbot women sometimes mention the price of supplies and clothing from both before and after the Civil War. Of particular interest is an exceptionally detailed, 10-page letter from Ellen Abbot to her brother from September of 1864, recounting the surrender of the town of Woodstock in Northern Virginia to Union soldiers. Written over the course of several days, the letter describes Ellen and her mother's departure from the border town, providing a general idea of refugee movements within and around the state. The account details the prices of supplies and of means of conveyance during evacuation. Ellen Abbot also documented the concealment and care of wounded Confederate soldiers by civilians, partisan violence, and a summary execution during the town's surrender.

A significant portion of 19th century correspondence relates to Abbot's teaching activities after the Civil War, in particular to his involvement with and eventual purchase of Bellevue High School (1870-1909). Founded by prominent educator and lawyer J.P. Holcombe in 1866, this institution was an important preparatory school for the University of Virginia. A series of letters from parents of its students provide personalized accounts of education during the Reconstruction. Of interest is a two-page letter from one of Abbot's students in Mississippi (1874), assessing the political and social causes of interracial violence in his hometown during the Reconstruction.

Early to mid-20th century material consists of exchanges between the children and grandchildren of William and Lucy Minor. (Abbot Family (2) subseries). The letters of Francis H. Abbot, son of W.R and Lucy Abbot, are predominantly reports of his experience as a doctoral student of German language and literature in the Universities of Goettingen and Leipzig (1889-1903). A few political lampoons on postcards provide a perspective on current events in Europe at the time, including perceptions of Prussian militarism and of events leading to the Boer war. Also included in this subseries are personal correspondence of James Southall (married Jane Oliver Abbot), prominent physicist at the University of Columbia; personal and business letters of Daniel Henderson (married Lucy Minor Abbot), lawyer and well-known activist for Native American rights; early personal correspondence of Virginia Henderson (daughter of Daniel and Lucy Henderson), pioneer in the post-war nursing profession and coauthor of the authoritative study on modern nursing techniques, Nursing Research: Survey and Assessment.

The correspondence includes Minor family letters from the early-nineteenth century exchanged between Dr. Charles Minor, prominent educator in Virginia, and his brother John Minor, leading legal scholar at the University of Virginia. Correspondence of the Minor brothers continued in exchanges with Abbot during the latter's tenure at Brookhill School before the Civil War, and afterwards, when Abbot served as principal of Bellevue. The subseries also includes some of the private correspondence of the numerous siblings of Lucy Ridgway Minor.

The correspondence in the collection relates in part to Gould's service in the 1st Maine Regiment and its successors, the 10th Maine Regiment and the 29th Maine Regiment and contains descriptions of the situation in Washington, D.C., 1861; guard duty on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad at Relay, Maryland, 1861-1862; the battle of Winchester, 1862; the battle of Cedar Mountain, 1862; two fragments from field notes on the Maryland campaign and the battle of Antietam, 1862; the Red River expedition, 1864; operations in the Shenandoah Valley, 1864; and occupation duty in Darlington, South Carolina, 1865.

There is family correspondence, especially for 1864; correspondence relating to Gould's attempt to establish a lumber business in South Carolina, 1866-1867; correspondence with other veterans after the war concerning Gould's history of the three regiments, validating pension claims, and veterans' organizations; correspondence of Adelthia Twitchell and Amelia Jenkins Twitchell, who went from Maine to teach freedmen in Beaufort, South Carolina, 1864-1865; and letters relating to the early career of the zoologist, Edward Sylvester Morse, a close friend of Gould's.

The correspondence series contains 136 letters (603 pages) primarily written between 1863-1892 by Catharine Porter Noyes, her sister Ellen (Nellie) Noyes Balch, and Ellen's husband F. V. (Frances Vergines, known as "Frank") Balch, along with a few by other family members. Another writer, Catharine's cousin Mary, joined her as a teacher of freed slaves in South Carolina. Includes letters written in 1933 by artist Emily E. Balch to Richard Noyes Stone.

The Correspondence series has been arranged alphabetically by correspondent, with general correspondence arranged chronologically at the end of the series. The series also includes Warrington Dawson's diplomatic dispatches and assorted diplomatic papers from Alphonse Pageot.

Morgan family correspondence, beginning in 1859, describes the social life and customs in Baton Rouge and New Orleans, Louisiana; in Paris, France; and the death of Henry Waller Morgan in a duel in 1861. Letters of Thomas Gibbes Morgan, Sr., describe Confederate mobilization in 1861. Correspondence of Frank Dawson and members of the Morgan family describe Dawson's passage on the blockade runner Nashville, his career as ordnance officer in Longstreet's corps and later in Fitzhugh Lee's cavalry corps; the destruction of homes in Louisiana by the war and Butler's conduct in New Orleans; the battle of Fredericksburg; imprisonment at Fort Delaware; refugee life at Macon, Mississippi; cavalry operations; the causes of Confederate defeat; a duel of Henry Rives Pollard, editor of the Richmond Examiner; politics and journalism in Reconstruction South Carolina; the editorial policies of Dawson's paper, the Charleston News and Courier; accusations of bribery, fraud, and libel; the courtship of Dawson and Sarah (Morgan) Dawson; Dawson's refusal of a challenge to a duel by Martin Witherspoon Gary; the army bill, 1879; the Tilden-Hayes disputed election, 1876; the redemption of South Carolina; Morgan family genealogy; travel in Italy and Europe in the 1880s; education in South Carolina at state-supported colleges and the Citadel; the Charleston earthquake, 1886; Dawson's alleged remarks about Grover Cleveland, reported in the New York World, 1886; labor and labor organizations; the tariff; court procedures in South Carolina; Confederate veterans' organizations; Democratic Party affairs; Dawson's debts; his murder; and the settlement of his estate. Among Dawson's frequent correspondents are Daniel Henry Chamberlain, Edward B. Dickinson, Samuel Dibble, Fitzhugh Lee, Robert Baker Pegram, Henry A. M. Smith, Hugh Smith Thompson, Benjamin Ryan Tillman, Giddings Whitney, and Benjamin H. Wilson.

There is also correspondence of Sarah Dawson and Warrington Dawson, newsman, novelist, editor, special assistant to the American Embassy in Paris, and director of French research for Colonial Williamsburg. This material gives glimpses of French life, 1900-1950, and information on the families of Joseph Conrad and Theodore Roosevelt. Regular letters of Sarah Dawson to Eunice (Martin) Dunkin (Mrs. William Huger Dunkin) and to her sister, Mrs. Lavina (Morgan) Drum of Bethesda, Maryland, comment on French and Washington, D.C., social life and customs. Dawson's writings as Paris correspondent of the United Press Associations of America after 1900 are in clippings in the scrapbooks. They reflect French and world affairs. Topics treated in correspondence include Theodore Roosevelt's safari; Roosevelt's opinions; press relations for the Roosevelt party in Africa; Roosevelt's reviews of Dawson's books; Dawson's lectures and writings; Conrad's writings; other literary matters; John Powell's career as a concert pianist; seances and mediums; the Taft administration; Roosevelt and race relations; the Negro in Liberia, Nigeria, Haiti, and the U.S.; Roosevelt's political career; the Fresh Air Art Society of London; the organization of the press bureau in the U.S. embassy in Paris; and the work of the Foreign Department of the Committee on Public Information.

Warrington Dawson's correspondence also covers German reparations; relief work in Austria and the Near East; details of embassy staff work; George Harvey's mission to Europe, 1921; the Washington Disarmament Conference; French finance and politics; war debts; international finance; Coueism; French socialism; a crisis in the publication of the Charleston News and Courier, 1927; the boy scout movement; the Conrad family after Joseph's death; Theodore Roosevelt; U.S. investment in the U.S.S.R.; the restoration of Colonial Williamsburg, Virginia; the French dead at Yorktown; research in French sources on Rochambeau's army; reports to Harold Shurtleff, in charge of the research department of Colonial Williamsburg; the research of Peter Stuyvesant Barry on his grandfather, Frank Dawson; personal and family matters; Dawson's health; restoration of the Lee mansion, Stratford; the Great Depression in the United States and in France; the genealogy of the Chambrun family; the role of Lafayette in Florida land settlement; the Compañía Arrendataria del Monopolio de Petroleos, a Spanish firm in which the French Petroleum Company held an interest; the war records of Theodore Roosevelt's sons; and autograph collecting for the Schroeder Foundation, Webster Groves, Missouri. Major correspondents of Warrington Dawson include Ethel (Dawson) Barry, Phyllis (Windsor-Clive) Benton, Jessie Conrad, Joseph Conrad, Annie Cothran, Alice Dukes, Camille Flammarion, Clarence Payne Franklin, A. H. Frazier, Hugh Gibson, Alice Stopford Green, Yves Guyot, Mary Goodwin, William Archer Rutherfoord Godwin, Herman Hagedorn, Ralph Tracy Hale, Constance (Cary) Harrison, Leland Harrison, Elizabeth Hayes, Henriette Joffre, James Kerney, Grace King, Rudyard Kipling, Georges Ladoux, William Loeb, Jr., Samuel Frank Logan, Andrew W. Miller, C. V. Miller, Francois Millet, L. D. Morel, James Morris Morgan, Frederick Palmer, John Powell, Auguste Rodin, the Duke end Duchess de Rohan, Edith Roosevelt, Nicholas Roosevelt, Theodore Roosevelt, Max Savelle, H. L. Schroeder, George Sharp, Hallie (Clough) Sharp, Philip Simms, George E. Smith, Vance Thompson, and Robert William Vail.

The letters, memoranda, telegrams, invoices, receipts, printed reports and other items comprising this series document the financial, philanthropic, and personal interests of Benjamin N. Duke and his family. Duke family members represented in the series include Sarah P. Duke, Washington Duke, Angier B. Duke, Mary L. Duke (Mary Duke Biddle), Lida Duke Angier, Brodie L. Duke, James B. Duke, and Anthony J. Drexel Biddle, Jr. Other correspondents include John C. Angier, John S. Bassett, Warren A. Candler, Julian S. Carr, John F. Crowell, J. B. Cobb, Warren C. Coleman, Ceasar Cone, William A. Erwin, William P. Few, Robert L. Flowers, C. P. H. Gilbert, Jonathan R. Hawkins, L. L. Hobbs, Charles C. Hook, N. M. Jurney, J. C. Kilgo, W. S. Lee, John Merrick, Solomon Pool, Jeter C. Pritchard, Daniel Lindsay Russell, Thomas Settle, James E. Shepard, James H. Southgate, Andrew P. Tyer, and George W. Watts. Many of the letters were addressed to or written by Benjamin N. Duke's financial agents and secretaries in Durham, NC and New York, NY, including James E. Stagg, Richard B. Arrington, Elizabeth A. Childs, and Alexander H. Sands, Jr.

The series provides a particularly rich history of Benjamin Duke's relationship with Trinity College, documenting his role on the Board of Trustees, Executive Committee, and Building Committee as well as his financial support during and after the institution's relocation to Durham from Randolph County. There are letters to and from trustees, faculty, students, and representatives of the Methodist Church regarding the administration and financial support of the college; letters from students or their parents requesting financial assistance to attend the college; exchanges with architects and contractors regarding the design and construction of campus buildings; applications to teach for the college; and correspondence with faculty related to non-college topics, such as loans, investments, property transactions, and personal matters.

The series also documents Benjamin Duke and his family's other philanthropic activities, including their support of educational institutions for African-Americans and women, the Methodist Episcopal Church, South and individual churches, and social welfare agencies and community organizations, including orphanages and hospitals. Individual institutions represented include Elon College, Greensboro Female College, Granbery College, Guilford College, Kittrell College, Lincoln Memorial University, Louisburg Female College, the National Religious Training School and Chautauqua for the Colored Race, the New Bern Industrial and Collegiate Institute, the North Carolina College for Negroes (later North Carolina Central University), Rutherford College, Southern Conservatory of Music, Trinity College, the Bingham School, and Durham Graded Schools; Main Street Methodist Church, Duke Memorial Methodist Church, Trinity Methodist Church, and West Durham Methodist Church; North Carolina Children's Home, Oxford Orphan Asylum, Lincoln Hospital, Watts Hospital, the YMCA and YWCA of Durham, NC, and the Salvation Army.

Major industries represented in the series include tobacco, cotton and textiles, hydroelectric power, banking, mining, railroads, and real estate. Much of the business-related correspondence concerns financial matters such as notices of dividend payments and requests for stockholder subscriptions. Individual companies include the American Tobacco Company, W. Duke, Sons & Company, Asheville Cotton Mills, Cannon Manufacturing Company, Coleman Manufacturing Company, Commonwealth Cotton Manufacturing Company, Durham Cotton Manufacturing Company, Erwin Cotton Mills, Leaksville Cotton Mills, Locke Cotton Mills, Odell Manufacturing Company, Proximity Manufacturing Company, Kerr Bag Manufacturing Company, Roxboro Cotton Mills, Spray Water and Power Company, Durham Electric Lighting Company, Southern Power Company, Fidelity Bank of Durham, Citizen's National Bank of Durham, Durham and Southern Railway, Cape Fear and Northern Railway, Cary Lumber Company, Alaska Power and Dredging Company, Jim Butler Tonopah Mining Company, Seward Dredging Company, Virginia-Carolina Chemical Company, Durham Realty Corporation, Trinity Land Company, and the National Drama Corporation.

Correspondence related to the tobacco industry includes letters from executives and directors of the American Tobacco Company and its subsidiaries, including W. Duke, Sons & Company. Also included are letters from department and branch managers, legal counsel, leaf brokers and dealers, investors, merchants and salespeople, and individuals seeking employment. There is extensive correspondence between 1892 and 1902 regarding the state of the tobacco markets in North Carolina and Virginia, as well as purchases of tobacco, cutters, wrappers, and other supplies. Correspondence related to official American Tobacco Company business consists mainly of arrangements for meetings of the Board of Directors and details of investments made on behalf of the company and its executives. Also included are general updates from W. W. Fuller on legal suits faced by the company and arrangements for the conversion of American Tobacco Company stock after the dissolution of the trust.

Letters related to the textiles and hydroelectric power industries include extensive correspondence with William A. Erwin regarding the establishment, funding, operations, and expansion of the Erwin Cotton Mills. Also present are letters related to the surveying of water power sites in North Carolina and South Carolina and purchases of properties and water rights prior to the establishment of the Southern Power Company.

Primarily personal and business letters and telegrams received and sent by James B. Duke or his agents, with letters sent or received by Benjamin N. Duke scattered throughout the correspondence. Letters related to philanthropic ventures, including contributions to Trinity College (later Duke University) and requests for donations and other forms of aid, are also present. Since the series includes several bound letterbooks, the correspondence was not divided between personal and business subjects. Richard B. Arrington, a secretary and agent for Benjamin N. Duke and James B. Duke, is the principal correspondent on behalf of James B. Duke in the letterbook dated from August 1, 1900 to January 30, 1906. Alexander H. Sands, another secretary and agent for Benjamin N. Duke and James B. Duke, is the principal correspondent on behalf of James B. Duke in the letterbook dated from February 20, 1920 to January 17, 1923. Major correspondents include Lida Duke Angier (Mrs. J.C. Angier), Richard B. Arrington, W.T. Blackwell, Bettie Roney Dailey (Mrs. John C. Dailey), Benjamin Newton Duke, Washington Duke, George W. Hill, Maude Duke Karnes, William R. Perkins, and Alexander H. Sands.

Loose correspondence dated after 1923 is primarily concerned with Benjamin N. Duke' s effort to identify and, in some cases, financially assist first and second cousins on the Roney side of the family. The main correspondents in this matter are Benjamin N. Duke, Bettie Roney Dailey, Alexander H. Sands, and Edna L. Vaughan.

Includes personal and professional letters written to and from Eugenia Bradsher Newbold, Nathan Carter Newbold, Mabel Wooten and others. The letters document the courtship between Nathan Carter Newbold and his first wife Mabel Wooten, whom he married in 1900, as well as his later marriage to Eugenia Bradsher. These personal letters reveal the day-to-day experiences of the authors including their affection for one another. Much of the correspondence written to Nathan Carter Newbold is made up of appreciation letters from public school officials who wrote to Newbold upon his retirement. Other correspondence documents Newbold's professional networks (including connections to Trinity College) and depicts his activity within the North Carolina public school system as an administrator.

Letters to and from colleagues with whom Fetter was closely associated, as well as correspondence with friends and family members (including his father, the Princeton economist Frank Albert Fetter), can be found in this series. Among his correspondents were J. Garner Anthony, Robert D. C. Black, J. Chester Bradley, R. C. Brooks, Colin Campbell, Lino Castillejo, S. G. Checkland, (Chick) Eagen, Luther Evans, Max Farrand, Milton Friedman, Craufurd Goodwin, Barry Gordon, Frank Graham, Keith Horsefield, Hollard (Ho) Hunter, Per Jacobsson, E. W. Kemmerer, John Maynard Keynes, Charles Kindleberger, Samuel Loescher, Vernon Mund, Leslie Pressnell, Lord Robbins, Richard Sayers, Franklin Scott, Joseph B. Shane, Frederick Jackson Turner, F. W. Taussig, Alan Valentine, Jacob Viner, C. R. Whittlesey and Harold Williamson. Other correspondents of note are E. M. Forster, Upton Sinclair, and Gore Vidal. The Midwest Economics Association files consists of correspondence documenting Fetter's involvement with the Association and his term as president in 1952. The references and recommendations files include letters written by him and letters from others requesting recommendations and thanking him for writing.

The correspondence in this series, mostly incoming letters, document Viola Hill's career as a professionally-trained classical vocalist. A handful of outgoing drafts of letters written by Viola Hill are present. The materials reveal her negotiations with organizers for recitals, concerts, fundraisers, and festivals at which she appeared. Early venues represented in the letters include African American and white churches; schools, orphanages, and other societies; and charity functions in both Black and white communities. As she gained in reputation, she also performed in large music halls and theaters in the East, South, and Midwest, and her requests for higher compensation were met.

Many letters are from her mentors, including Carl Diton, composer, musician, and singer, and president of the Association of National Negro Musicians, who played a role in recommending her for engagements. Other correspondents include Black violinist and composer Clarence Cameron White, and her professional voice coach Percy Dunn Aldridge. There are also letters throughout the years from many of her former music school mates and fellow musicians, describing their own career paths and experiences as Black musicians. Some letters mention Marion Anderson and her reputation as a performer.

Some materials refer to Viola Hill's education: a handful of materials were sent by an alumni assocation at University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia. There are also letters regarding Hill's failed attempt to enroll in the Curtis Music Institute, and some comments on race discrimination in the profession.

A few pieces of correspondence from family members are also present. Condolences on the death of her father in April 1920 appear in a few pieces. Some letters regularly received are from a J. G. Morton of Washington, North Carolina, who addresses her as "cousin." The Federal census of 1950 indicates a Viola Hill was living in New York City with a John G. Morton and his family, from N.C.

The correspondence is organized into three subseries. The Correspondence by Individual subseries contains correspondence and memoranda between Burns and presidents, vice-presidents, politicians, and prominent economists. The Correspondence by Topic subseries contains letters and attachments primarily related to Burns' work in academia, politics, and the private sector. Finally, the Correspondence to Mrs. Helen Burns subseries contains letters written by figures such as Richard Nixon, Ronald Reagan, and Mamie Eisenhower to Burns's wife, Helen, both during his life and after his death.

The series is divided into two chronological subseries: Personal and Professional. In some cases, there is overlap of personal and professional content because of the nature of the relationships Segrest has had with many of her correspondents.

Personal correspondence includes letters written by members of the Segrest family; most were written to or by Dr. Segrest. Many of the letters to her natal family members address their reactions to her published works. There is also a significant amount of correspondence between Dr. Segrest and her friends and chosen family, including Barbara Culbertson, David Jolly, Ceci Gray, Marquita Seavey, Monica Raymond, Adrienne Rich, Catherine Moriai, Minnie Bruce Pratt, and others.

Professional correspondence includes letters to and from publishers and editors, letters to and from other writers discussing their work, and correspondence documenting her academic career.

Arranged alphabetically by correspondent, with notes whenever possible indentifying individual correspondents and topics addressed.

This series contains Chamberlin's personal and professional communications with and about various individuals. Notable correspondents include Marice Allais, William Baumol, Kenneth Boulding, Luigi Einaudi, Dwight Eisenhower, Howard S. Ellis, Milton Friedman, Ragnar Frisch, John Kenneth Galbraith, Gottfried Haberler, Frank Hahn, Roy Harrod, Friedrich A. Hayek, Harold Hotelling, Richard Kahn, Nicholas Kaldor, Frank Knight, Emile Lederer, Wassily Leontief, Abba Lerner, Gertrud Lovasy, Fritz Machlup, Hans Neisser, J. F. Normano, Dennis H. Robertson, Joan Robinson, Paul Samuelson, Thomas Schelling, Robert Schuman, Joseph Schumpeter, Ben Seligman, George Stigler, Frank Taussig, Gerhard Tintner, Jaroslav Vanek, Jacob Viner, among others. Of note is Chamberlin's correspondence with Haberler, Harrod, Kahn, Kaldor, Knight, Robinson, and Stigler about theories of competition and firm behavior; and extensive correspondence with close friend Howard S. Ellis. Files are arranged alphabetically by name.

A researcher, Thibault Guicherd, who had been in contact with Chamberlin's descendants prior to the papers arriving at Duke created an index of Chamberlin's correspondence. Please contact Research Services to access a copy of this index. Note that due to rearrangement of correspondence files during processing and creation of this series, the file list below and Guicherd's index may not fully overlap.

Professional correspondence contains letters from persons and economists in Europe and America, notably Irving Fischer, Gustav Cassel, Wesley Mitchell, Achille Loria, Luigi Einaudi, Dennis Robertson, Lionel Robbins, Friedrich von Hayek, Piero Sraffa and others. Contents mostly concern writings and introductions when Foa moved from Italy to London and later to America. Personal correspondence is mostly with his wife and family.

Series includes correspondence with N. Inoue, Dora (perhaps a student of Blyth's), Blyth's parents, Akiko Kobayashi, the Zen scholar D.T. Suzuki, as well as Japanese monarchs Prince Akihito and Princess Michiko. Some correspondence is filed in a scrapbook.

Handwritten and typed letters, printouts of email and attachments (articles), and email, which are mainly professional in nature and dated from later in Schwartz's life. Early correspondence includes courtship letters from her husband, Isaac Schwartz. Arranged chronologically.

Correspondence with or directly concerning Milton Friedman is filed in the Correspondence subseries in the Milton Friedman series.

Includes all correspondence received by and written by Bloomfield concerning academic and other professional matters. Arranged in chronological order.

James Sprunt had very extensive correspondence files, of which only a small portion has survived. A year's letters were subdivided alphabetically and included both the incoming originals and the outgoing copies. The years represented by a sizeable body of papers are 1904, 1906, 1909-1910, and 1919-1921, but they are probably quite incomplete. All of the papers have been arranged chronologically. The series also contains "other papers," which cannot be identified with their original files. Most of the material came from James Sprunt's files.

The series represents a variety of Sprunt's personal and professional interests. Business operations, the cotton market, and domestic and foreign economic conditions are constant concerns. There was frequent communication between Sprunt and his relatives and business associates in Liverpool. His work as vice consul for Great Britain and Germany appears occasionally. Prominent among his activities and charities is the Presbyterian Church in the U.S., the southern body of the Presbyterians. He was a member of the First Presbyterian Church and assisted other congregations in Wilmington and Chapel Hill, where he financed the remodeling of the church as designed by architect Hobart Upjohn. He made substantial contributions to the mission in Kiangyin, China. The interdenominational Laymen's Missionary Movement and its general secretary, John Campbell White, are also prominent in the papers, along with the southern Presbyterian part of of that organization. Sprunt was a principle mover in the arrangements for a statue of George Davis, Confederate attorney general and native son of Wilmington, and there is much correspondence about it, including that with Francis Herman Packer, the sculptor. Sprunt was a trustee of the University of North Carolina and a benefactor of Davidson College, and there are communications between him and the schools' students and officials. Other educational institutions represented include Columbia Theological Seminary, Union Theological Seminary, the antecedents of North Carolina Central University, and other colleges and academies in the South, including several historically black colleges. River and harbor improvements at Wilmington are noted. Scattered political correspondence includes references to state elections, the N.C. Supreme Ct., and the U.S. District Court for Eastern N.C., and the Wilmington riots of 1898. There are several letters about the N.C. Literary and Historical Association and the N.C. Folklore Society, and about other episodes of state history, such as blockade running during the Civil War, President Taft's visit to Wilmington in 1909, Governor Benjamin Smith, and the monument for the Revolutionary battle at Moore's Creek. Correspondence with and about Woodrow Wilson mainly concerned a Carnegie pension for Henry Elliot Shepherd, an educator, but there are a few minor items of a political nature. Sprunt communicated with Senators Lee Slater Overman and Furnifold Simmons about various matters.

Several close relatives of James Sprunt had distinguished careers and are also represented by letters and references: his brother Alexander Sprunt (1852-1937), a Presbyterian clergyman at Charleston, S.C.; Kenneth Mackenzie Murchison, an architect in New York who was a brother-in-law; Edward Jenner Wood, a nephew and physician who was a pioneer in the campaign against pellagra; and Joseph Austin Holmes, another brother-in-law who was a geologist, chief of the technological branch of the U.S. Geological Survey in charge of the investigation of mine accidents, 1904-1907, and the first director of the Bureau of Mines established in 1910.

Primarily routine professional correspondence to Scitovsky from academic institutions, publishers, colleagues, and friends. Many concern publications or invitations to events. There are a number of brief but interesting exchanges with other economists, including Moses Abramovitz, Benjamin M. Friedman, Paul Samuelson, Stanley K. Sheinbaum, and Robert Solow.

Correspondence between John Zeigler and Edwin Peacock focuses primarily on day-to-day life at their respective military posts; books they are currently reading; music, either on the radio or on records; movies playing at the local theater; the scenery of the region, in particular the flora. John Zeigler additionally writes about the local village and Indian tribes and military social events such as dances. Edwin Peacock often adds his culinary adventures. The letters of 1944 increasingly talk about the possibility of a coinciding leave, and the frustrations about its achievement. While on leave from June to August of that year, the letters are free from military censorship and therefore more genuinely express the emotions Ziegler and Peacock felt toward each other. Ziegler sometimes uses the name "Martha" as an affectionate reference to Edwin. Letters from John Zeigler to Edwin Peacock while touring with the U.S.S. Dickens also discuss his hospitalization. Letters from Edwin Peacock to John Zeigler while Ziegler was on the Dickens were not saved because of his hospital stays and lack of personal storage space. The activities of Peacock during those years are revealed in his letters to George Scheirer. The majority of the letters are signed "Your Cousin."

Correspondence between George Scheirer, John Zeigler and Edwin Peacock focuses primarily on similar themes included in the exchanges between John Zeigler and Edwin Peacock. Additionally the letters from Peacock include excerpts from literature and amusing anecdotes he had recently heard, as well as his attempts to get Zeigler's writing published. The letters from Ziegler during 1942 discuss life before the draft, the choice to join the Naval Reserve and subsequent training. During the war years letters occasionally include poems written by Zeigler; letters from Peacock convey a deep concern about the well being of his friends. The postwar letters deal with Ziegler and Peacock's business, the Book Basement, in addition to music, books, movies and general personal matters. The majority of the letters from Peacock are signed "Affectionately."

Military events mentioned in the men's letters include war bonds, the fall of Tunis, the taking of Amchitka, possibilities of invasion on French coast, the capture of Rome, V-E Day, Eisenhower's visit to Washington and report to Congress, V-J Day, and the battles of Saipan, Okinawa and Iwo Jima. There are two detailed letters dated March 20, 1945 that pertain to John Ziegler's involvement in battle, located in the folders titled "From John to Edwin, 1945," and "From John to George, 1945."

Names mentioned in the letters (in addition to the individuals listed in family member folders) include: Marjorie Davis, Tony Falsone, Carson McCullers (friend of Peacock's), Leon Scheirer, Nellian Scheirer (George Scheirer's sister), Frank Schwermin (POW), and Joe Tucker.

Series includes 745 black-and-white photographs, dated 1900-1941 (most dates were assigned rather than provided), and ranging in size from 2.25 x 3.25 in. to 9.75 x 7.75 in., with the majority 4.75 x 6.75 in. There are also 7 negatives and one slide present. Staff sorted the images according to location, except for the presentation photographs, where the original order of the photographs was maintained. Images feature Lucy's residences, both in the American legation quarters and her "Temple house;" locations in and around Beijing; as well as other locations in China, Japan, Cambodia, and the Philippines. A subset of 15 photographs contains images captured during the Peking riots of 1912. There is also a folder of images of the Calhoun's that were taken in the United States.

Lucy Calhoun signed the backs of many of her photographs, but not all, and she often trimmed her photographs to 6.5x 4.5 in. and added a border in black. Eighty-seven of Calhoun's photographs were placed on mounts, and were stored in two Chinese boxes for presentation. Other than by the presence of Calhoun's markings, however, identifying the photographer for an individual photograph is difficult. Some photographs have been folded in half, a few have been hand-colored, and several have letters written on the back.

Assorted printed and ephemeral materials relating to Camp Fire Girls and affiliated companies, including some materials created by Camp Fire Outfitting Company. This series was assembled in multiple parts from disparate rare book dealers and donors, with a unifying theme of Camp Fire Girls. Materials are loosely sorted in chronological order.

The Geographic series, the largest in the collection, is comprised of files representing about 100 countries and forms the backbone of ICTJ's collection. The country files include ICTJ reports, journal articles, publications about governance, rule of law, political stability, reparations, and human rights violations, as well as materials from various country's truth and reconciliation commissions. These materials are unique to each country and provide insight into the impact ICTJ's work has on every citizen, from victims to perpetrators, children and women to ex-combatants.

Most of the earliest items pertain to Mrs. Walton's family, the Bakers, who had settled in Hingham, Massachusetts at least by the eighteenth-century. Letters to Mrs. Walton comprise a major segment of this series, including those to her from her father, James Baker, 1880-1882. Included are courtship letters from George Walton, a physician who attended Eleanore Walton while she was convalescing near Deland, Florida. Most were written from 1891-1892, after she returned to her home in Chicago. Letters from George Walton after the marriage suggest financial hardship and indicate that the couple was frequently separated from the beginning of their marriage and during the early childhood of their son Loring. After 1895, there is a gap in the correspondence.

Also included is George Walton's 1896 diary of a trip via wagon from Indiana to Florida. Later material and correspondence in the series pertains to Eleanore Walton's work as a clubwoman and motion picture censor in Kansas City, Missouri from the 1920s to 1948, when she retired and moved to Durham, N.C. to live with her son Loring Baker Walton, who was on the faculty at Duke University.

The papers of Loring Baker Walton, make up a separate and larger series in this collection. An extensive series of correspondence between Eleanor and her son is located there.

Series consists of an original manuscript in the form of a memorial scrapbook, created by Sarah F. Martin, which narrates the life of her close friend and colleague Mary Cary Packard.

The series inventory includes an entry for each page describing the contents of the page and dates. Items pasted onto the rather brittle pages include photographs in the form of cartes-de-visites and other mounted albumen prints, cyanotypes, and early silver gelatin prints; postcards, greeting cards, and letters; genealogies; newspaper clippings; literary pieces; printed illustrations; humourous verses; lyrics; and business cards. Of note are a card and a short letter from the Governor of Maryland, circa 1932.

Almost all of the items and narratives in the memoir are dated and captioned by Martin.

Blank pages have been omitted from the description.

In order to protect the original, Library staff have created a complete set of color photocopies of the original pages for general use in the reading room.

Writings, memoranda, lists, letters, and printed material concerning Morgenstern's life, career, and publications. Arranged into autobiographical, biographical, and bibliographical categories.

In the summers of 1993, 1994, and 1995, and from 1996-2004, Behind the Veil (BTV) project staff and others conducted over 1300 unique oral history interviews with African Americans throughout the Southern U.S. and in a few other regions. The bulk of the interviews were carried out from 1993 to 1995. Earlier dates represent historical images associated with certain interviewees. Dates after 1995 represent additional interviews contributed to the project chiefly through college students taking oral history classes taught by Robert Korstad and Paul Ortiz.

Originally recorded by BTV staff on audiocassettes, the interviews have been digitized and are available as audio files. All other interview-related materials will also be digitized. Please note that digitization is ongoing as of summer 2022, and some portions of the collection are not yet available in digital format or may be closed to use.

These oral histories document the Black experience during the Jim Crow era, roughly from the 1890s to the 1950s. Frequently discussed topics include family histories and genealogy, child rearing, neighborhood life, education, work, religious life, black-owned businesses, local political activities, civic organizations, segregation and racism, violence against Black people, women's experiences, and local cultures.

Administrative files accompany almost all the interviews and can include detailed biographical data forms, interview notes and summaries, and sometimes a few pieces of donated family papers and memorabilia. An administrative folder can represent either a group of persons or a single individual.

A smaller subset of approximately 300 interviews in this collection also come with full or partial transcripts created by Behind the Veil staff, available as digital files.

Finally, some interviewees and/or their families donated historic photographs, photograph albums, documents, print materials, and other items to be imaged by Behind the Veil photographers at the interview sites. The original materials were then returned to the donor. If there are slides associated with an interview, they are listed with their associated interview entry in this collection guide. Altogether, 1691 slide images are available in this interviews series.

Most of the interview sessions were conducted by one or two Behind the Veil staff in a private residence with one person or two people, often a married couple or two siblings; there are also interview recordings in which one can hear additional people in the room making side comments. There are about a dozen larger group interviews usually associated with a family or local club; these were often held in schools, libraries, and community centers.

The entry for each person associated with an interview also offers biographical data recorded by BTV interviewers that may include date of birth, place of birth, residence, and present and past occupations, when known.

The interviews typically lasted at least one or two hours, but could also last much longer and were sometimes conducted over several days. They were recorded on audiocassettes which have been digitized.

The over 600 color photographs in slide (694) and photo print (156) format listed at the end of some regional series were taken by Behind the Veil staff in the locales where the interviews were being conducted. The largest groups tend to be from 1993-1995, and include areas in Alabama, North Carolina, Georgia, Louisiana, and Mississippi, and a later group is from Kentucky. Negatives are often present, and have been housed separately for preservation purposes.

There are many snapshots of the interviewees, often in their homes and with family members and BTV staff. Other images were taken by staff during walking tours with informants and interviewers; these offer views of historic and contemporary sites significant to the informants, such as African American cemeteries, churches, schools, and community centers. Captions are lacking with a few exceptions.

Collection includes family correspondence consisting of letters from Kell to his mother, Marjory Spalding (Baillie) Kell; his wife , Julia Blanche (Munroe) Kell; and his sisters. Beginning in 1841, Kell's letters cover the period of his service in the U.S. Navy. Topics include accounts of cruises; social activities aboard ship and on land; Commodore Matthew C. Perry; the funeral of Commodore Alexander James Dallas; the countryside in the vicinity of Cape Town, South Africa; descriptions of Montevideo and Uraguay; and references to President Carlos Antonio Lopez of Paraguay. After 1860, Kell's letters concern his duties with the Confederate Navy, including running the blockade on the C.S.S. SUMTER and the subsequent abandonment of the ship.

The collection also includes family papers of Nathan Campbell Munroe of Macon, Ga., his wife Tabitha Easter (Napier) Munroe, their daughter Julia Blanche (Munroe) Kell, and other members of the Munroe, McIntosh, and Napier families. Topics include Georgia and national politics, Henry Clay and the Bank of the United States; railroad construction in Ga.; Christ Church Episcopal Parish in Macon; Montpelier Institute, Salem Female Academy, and other educational institutions; temperance; the duel between Thomas Butler King, U.S. Rep. from Georgia, and Charles Spalding; town-gown relations at the University of Alabama in Tuscaloosa; riverboat transportation in Alabama; and the fight between the MONITOR and VIRGINIA as described by a Confederate naval officer.

The Letters Series features over 300 letters, primarily written by Emma Goldman, although other anarchists, activists, and thinkers are represented as authors, including Alexander Berkman, Eugene Debs, Harry Kelly, Alexander Shapiro, and the Socialist Party of New England. Many of the letter recipients are unnamed (as "Comrade"), but the majority of the letters were directed to Thomas H. Keell, an English compositor and editor for the anarchist periodical Freedom, in London. Letter topics most often center around requests made of Keell in support of various writing projects as well as speaking engagements and organizing work completed in Europe, the United States, and Canada, but also touch on visa constraints for Goldman and Berkman, the state of the anarchist movement in various countries, the lack of support for anarchist publications, as well as general position statements, especially in regard to Soviet Russia and the Spanish Revolution.

This collection includes correspondence, wills, scrapbooks, photographs, address books, wedding memorabilia, and other material that documents Biddle's personal and family life, especially her parents, young children, and social and philanthropic activities.

Chiefly exam material, lecture notes, and diplomas and certificates from Trent's medical training at the University of Pennsylvania, University of Michigan, Ford Hospital (Michigan), and Duke University Medical School. Also contains a few medical licenses and society membership certificates, including one for his wife, Mary Duke Biddle Trent.

The Moving Images series contains a compelling array of topics that reflect Doris Duke's wide and varied interests and pursuits. Main themes include travel, social events, life at her various residences, and documentation of historical events. Materials include films, VHS tapes, and DVDs. The series is further arranged into two subseries.

Series consists of one box of 118 original photographic prints, many of them photographic poscards with the rest mounted on cardstock. Most have been are stamped or have been otherwise identified as produced by Michael Francis Blake's photography studio in Charleston, South Carolina. Dates are approximate unless marked on the photograph. In some cases, the studio address reveals the time period. All measurements are in inches.

Copy prints are available in box 2 and are the preferred format for access to avoid overuse of the originals.

Additionally, the original prints have been digitized and are available on the Duke Libraries Digital Collections website.

This series contains Bassett's correspondence as well as miscellaneous ephemera and personal materials from his medical training and career. Some of the correspondence predates Bassett, but the majority of it relates to his work as a bacteriologist and health officer in the Savannah Health Department; his efforts to research medical history and biographical data for the Georgia Medical Society; and his participation in various medical and public health professional organizations in the early twentieth century. Additional materials relating specifically to the Savannah Health Department and the Georgia Medical Society are held in those series.

Series consists of a large body of photographic materials created by William J. Anderson (1932-2019), arranged in the following subseries: Photographs (subdivided into Large Prints and Small Prints); Slides; and Contact Sheets and Negatives. The early 1920s date refers to two unlabeled negatives which reproduce what appear to be images of family members; there is also one family photograph which may be from the 1950s but is unlabeled. The earliest series of images taken by Anderson date from the 1960s, sometime during or after Anderson's student days at the Instituto Allende in Mexico.

Although most of the images reproduced in large format were taken in Georgia and South Carolina, there are also images from Alabama, Mississippi, and two images from Louisiana taken shortly after Hurricane Katrina. There are also two large prints of urban life in San Francisco and several from Mexico.

The most recent images across formats date from 2008 to 2011, and tend to focus on poverty, homelessness, and urban life for African Americans in Atlanta and other Southern cities; political and civil rights movement events; and portraits of African Americans. There is one contact sheet with images from an Obama election campaign rally.

Anderson worked exclusively with a film camera, thus the predominant print format is gelatin silver. There are some color photographs: these are chiefly family snapshots, photos taken at exhibitions, and later portraits of Anderson (mpst of these are digital inkjet or laser prints). Almost all the prints are unmatted, but there are a few mounted on foamcore and cardstock.

The negatives also are chiefly black-and-white, but color film formats are also present. Negatives in paper sleeves are closed ot general use; permission to view or use them can be requested from the curator of the John Hope Franklin Research Center at the Rubenstein Library. Negatives in plastic enclosures may be viewed without touching the artifact.

Eight-five photographs make up the series, all black-and-white gelatin silver prints ranging in size from about 4x5 to 8x10 inches, with the great majority in the latter size category. There are also three larger prints roughly 11x14 inches. About a third are vintage prints, with the rest being modern copy prints made from negatives or contact prints. Many thus have a corresponding duplicate in the contact prints series, and though smaller, some contacts offer lighter, clearer images. There are a number of contact prints whose images are not found in the Photographs series. There are also images present in the Negatives series without a corresponding positive print in the collection.

Because Parnell took over the Cole-Holladay studio around 1919 or 1920, there are some pre-1919 prints that originated from Holladay; prints taken after 1920 were the Parnell studio's work. Credit for the Bennett place photograph has been given by the Library of Congress to a John Chapman Michie; it is not known how the print came to be in the Parnell's collection.

Written on the backs of the vintage prints are various captions and other remarks in Parnell's hand, and sometimes reproduction and layout markings, probably for use in the local newspaper. A few are signed by Parnell, or marked with his studio stamp.

The prints are in numerical order as assigned by library staff, in rough chronological order within subseries. Descriptions of subject content are found in the subseries notes and individual entries for each photograph.