Produced mostly by the Central Newsreel and Documentary Film Studio of China. The material was found in a cinema company office in Henan province, China. Collection of film advertisements and transcripts of Chinese documentary films and newsreels that spans the years 1946 to 1985; bulk of items are transcripts for documentary films and newsreels from the Cultural Revolution, 1966-1976. Dating of the 1946 item is questionable. All documents are in Chinese. Arranged into the following series: Advertisements and Film Description Series; Documentary and Newsreel Scripts Series; Feature Filmscripts Series; and Newspaper Clipping Scrapbook Series. Topics include industry, agriculture, the economy, military matters, education, public health care, medicine and science, as well as political movements, foreign relations, cultural and sporting events. Collection also contains a group of printed advertisements and other publicity for Chinese and foreign films, plays, opera, and local performances. Finally, collection includes 8 master microfilm reels for the collection.

The collection of film advertisements and transcripts of Chinese documentary films and newsreels spans the years 1946 to 1985, although the bulk of the items in the collection are transcripts for the documentary films and newsreels from the Cultural Revolution, 1966-1976. It should also be noted that the dating of the 1946 item is questionable. All documents in the collection are in Chinese. The collection is arranged into the following series: Advertisements and Film Description Series, 1953-1966 and undated; Documentary and Newsreel Scripts Series, 1946 (?)-1985 and undated; Feature Filmscripts Series, undated; and Newspaper Clipping Scrapbook Series, 1950-1959 and undated. Topics include industry, agriculture, the economy, military matters, education, public health care, medicine and science, as well as political movements, foreign relations, cultural and sporting events. Most of the documentary filmscripts are short, focusing on a specific subject or event, whereas newsreel scripts are numbered sequentially within each year and cover multiple topics or events. During the Cultural Revolution, documentary films and newsreels were powerful and popular propaganda tools for patriotism, nationalism, Chairman Mao, the Communist Party, and socialist construction, and served political purposes.

In this collection, there is also a group of printed advertisements and other publicity for Chinese and foreign films, plays, opera, and local performances. This collection is valuable for studies of contemporary Chinese culture, the Cultural Revolution, history and politics, communist propaganda, and mass media.

Parts of this collection have been digitized and are available to the Duke University Community in the following database: Chinese Film and Newsreel Scripts from the Cultural Revolution Online

A separate searchable index is available at: Film title index of Chinese filmscript and advertisement collection

The collection was microfilmed for broader access in 2006, and the original master copies of the microfilm are in the final box of the collection.

English professor, Duke University, folklorist of Durham, N.C., and founder in 1913 of the North Carolina Folklore Society. Collection centers around Frank Clyde Brown's lifelong exploration and collecting of North Carolina and Appalachian folklore, which resulted in this vast archival collection of original folklore materials and editorial records for the seven-volume Frank C. Brown Collection of North Carolina Folklore (published 1952-1964). Collection is comprised of field recordings on wax cylinders and phonodiscs; tens of thousands of field notes, transcriptions of original songs, stories, and traditional expressions; musical scores; and numerous journal articles, student theses, books, and lists. Also included are the papers of Charles Bond, a Duke graduate student who studied and expanded the collection in 1970. The vast majority of the folklore sources originated in North Carolina, but there are some materials from other regions. Subjects include: African American traditions; ballads and songs (music as well as lyrics); European roots of North American folklore; folk music; folk poetry; games and parties; oral traditions and storytelling; sayings, names, and superstitions; social conditions in the Southern States; work songs; and North American folklore in general. In addition, one can find rich resources on the study and teaching of folklore, and attitudes during the 1920s to 1950s about Southern customs and communities.

Collection centers around folklorist Frank Clyde Brown's papers related to his lifelong exploration and collecting of North Carolina and Appalachian folklore, which resulted in this vast archival collection of original folklore materials and editorial records for the project which published Brown's work in seven volumes as (The Frank C. Brown Collection of North Carolina Folklore, 1952-1964. Materials comprise about 1,049 tunes and songs recorded on wax cylinders and lacquer and aluminum phonodiscs, backup copies of the recordings on glass lacquer phonodiscs made by the Library of Congress in the 1940s, 30,000 written notes on lore, 650 musical scores, and numerous journal articles, student theses, books, lists, and other items. The folklore sources originated in at least 84 North Carolina counties, with about 5 percent from 20 other states and Canada, and came from the efforts of 650 other contributors besides Brown himself. Also included are the research notes and other papers of Charles Bond, a Duke graduate student who dealt with the collection in 1970.

Subjects range widely and include: ballads and songs (music as well as lyrics); European roots of North American folklore; folk music; folk poetry; games and parties; oral traditions and storytelling; superstitions; social conditions in the Southern States; African American traditions; work songs; and North American folklore in general. In addition, one can find rich resources on the study and teaching of folklore, and attitudes during the 1920s to 1950s about Southern customs and communities.

The collection is divided into the following series: Cylinders and Discs, which includes the Library of Congress glass lacquer phonodisc copies, Personal Papers, General Editors' Papers, Associate Editors' Papers, Charles Bond Research Material.

The Recordings Series includes 1,049 performances on original wax cylinders and phonodiscs, re-recordings of the cylinders and discs created by the Library of Congress in the 1940s, and supplementary materials. The original wax cylinders and phonodiscs were digitized and described as part of a CLIR/Mellon grant in 2015-2018.

The Personal Papers series includes Brown's correspondence, research files, and the extensive materials in the folklore collection, which include transcriptions and sheet music. All items were gathered by Brown, and taken over in 1943 by Dr. Newman Ivey White, who served as first general editor of the project from its inception then until his death in 1948. The General Editors' Papers include items which were related to and produced by the work of White, and Paull Franklin Baum who assumed duties at White's death, and saw the project through to its completion in 1964. The Associate Editors' Papers have been organized by editor, and include drafts and typescripts for various volumes.

The Charles Bond Research Material Series stems from the work of Charles Bond, a student of Professor Holger O. Nygard at Duke University. Bond opened the archival collection in 1970-1971, and prepared both an outline as well as a Tabulation of Unpublished Items in the collection. This series also includes correspondence, an index, and card files.

אברהם יהושע השל היה מלומד והוגה דעות בעל שם בינלאומי, תיאולוג ופעיל חברתי ופוליטי. השל נולד בוורשה, פולין, נצר למשפחת רבנים חסידיים מיוחסת ולמד פילוסופיה בברלין. הוא גורש מפרנקפורט והגיע לוורשה ומשם עקר ללונדון ערב הפלישה הגרמנית לפולין. לאחר שהות קצרה בלונדון היגר השל לארצות הברית. בתחילה לימד בבית המדרש לרבנים של התנועה הרפורמית בסינסנטי, ולאחר מכן עבר לסמינר היהודי התיאולוגי בניו יורק שם שימש כפרופסור לאתיקה ולקבלה עד מותו בשנת 1972. בנוסף להשתתפותו הפעילה בנושאים של צדק חברתי ובדיאלוג הבין-דתי, היה השל גם מלומד ומורה רוחני ותרם תרומה חשובה למדעי היהדות. כהוגה דעות של הדת היתה מטרתו של השל להגביר ולהעמיק את התובנות הרוחניות של היהדות ובמהלך חייו השפיע על דורות של יהודים ולא- יהודים. הארכיון האישי של אברהם יהושע השל מקיף את השנים 1880-1998 ומתעד את חייו האישיים, האקדמיים והציבוריים. הארכיון כולל תכתובות, כתבים של השל ועליו, כתבי יד מודפסים, קטעי עיתונות, כתבים שיצאו לאור ומעט תמונות וחפצי קודש. האוסף מספק תובנות לזהותו של השל כמנהיג רוחני ומסביר כיצד היה מעמדו זה קשור בקשר עמוק לחייו האישיים והמקצועיים. האוסף מחולק לפי הנושאים הבאים: חומר מוקלט, התכתבויות, חומר אישי ומשפחתי, פעילות ציבורית, חומר מוגבל וכתבים. Abraham Joshua Heschel was an internationally known scholar, author, activist, and theologian. He was born in Warsaw, Poland into a distinguished family of Hasidic rebbes, and studied philosophy in Berlin, Germany. In 1938 he was deported from Frankfurt to Warsaw where he escaped to London just before the Nazi invasion. After a brief time in London he immigrated to the United States, first teaching at the Hebrew Union College and then at the Jewish Theological Seminary of America where he taught as Professor of Ethics and Mysticism until his death in 1972. In addition to his active participation in social justice issues and his interfaith work, Heschel was also a scholar and religious thinker who made significant contributions to Jewish studies. As a philosopher of religion, his goal was to make the spiritual insights of Judaism understandable and over the course of his lifetime influenced generations of Jews and non-Jews. The Abraham Joshua Heschel Papers span the years 1880 to 1998 and document Abraham Joshua Heschel's personal, academic, and public life. Items in this collection include correspondence, writings by and about Heschel, typescripts, clippings, printed material, and a small amount of photographs and artifacts. The materials in the collection provide insight to Heschel's identity as a spiritual leader and how this role was inextricably connected to his personal and professional life. The collection is organized into the following series: Audio, Correspondence, Personal and Family Materials, Public Activity, Restricted, and Writings.

The Abraham Joshua Heschel Papers span the years 1880 to 1998 and document Abraham Joshua Heschel's personal, academic, and public life, including his long-term involvement and leadership in social activism and other public activities, his reputation as a compelling and sought-after public speaker, and his far-reaching influence as a scholar and religious thinker. Items in this collection include correspondence, writings by and about Heschel, typescripts, clippings, printed material, and a small amount of photographs and artifacts. The materials in the collection provide insight to Heschel's identity as a spiritual leader and how this role was inextricably connected to his personal and professional life.

The collection is organized into the following series: Audio, Correspondence, Personal and Family Materials, Public Activity, Restricted, and Writings. Heschel maintained a meaningful, yet complex filing system. To balance preserving the original order with making the collection as accessible to researchers as possible, several key elements have been added to the collection guide:

•Scope note at the folder level. In many cases folder titles in the collection were reused, abbreviated, in Hebrew, or did not exist. Short descriptions of folder contents have been included not only to provide context for the materials, but also to make distinctions between the varying titles.

•Supplied/enhanced folder titles. In the case of missing or abbreviated titles, supplied titles (in brackets) were created. For folder titles written in Hebrew, the original folder title was documented along with its transliteration and English translation.

•Language extent. There are varying degrees in the amount of language materials in each folder and oftentimes multiple languages are represented in a single folder. To assist researchers, each folder description includes a note identifying the language(s) and their extent in the folder, with the dominant language listed first. The absence of a note indicates that all materials in the folder are in English. The following language categories are used: "A few" indicates that 1-25% of the materials are in another language(s); "Some" 26-65%; "Most" 66-99%; and "All" 100%.

Additionally there was a large of amount of clippings included in the Heschel collection which were generally in fragile condition. Where possible, these clippings were photocopied for preservation purposes and the originals discarded.

Collection consists of Japanese books, periodicals and other printed materials relating to the Japanese student movement of the 1960s and later. The materials derive from the first confrontations of 1960 provoked by the Anpo treaty, through the protest movement's years of crisis and decay in the 1970s, but there are more recent materials as well. They are arranged as originally ordered, by formats. Items of interest include radical left-wing student newspapers, large flyers and smaller protest handouts, special issues from mainstream media outlets, clippings, and North Korean and former Soviet Union Communist propaganda. Notably, the collection includes a full 12-month run of the Japanese magazine, Kisetsu. Protest movement ephemera also includes original writings, chiefly mimeographed essays and manuscript submissions for publication. The collection is strong in material relating to the BUND movement (Kyôsan Shugisha Dômei), the rise of Zengakuren radicalism, and the birth of the Japanese Red Army Faction (Sekigun-Ha). Materials and this collection guide are in the Japanese language. Romanized titles are given for books and serials. The collection is part of a larger gift pertaining to the radicalization of the student movement in Japan, including books, a video, and other items which are now available as part of the holdings of the East Asian Collection in Duke University's Perkins Library.

The collection consists of Japanese books, periodicals and other printed materials relating to the Japanese student movement of the 1960s and later. The materials derive from the first confrontations of 1960 provoked by the Anpo treaty, through the protest movement's years of crisis and decay in the 1970s, but there are more recent materials as well. Original order of groupings arranged by format has been retained; within groupings, materials are in date order with a few exceptions. Items of interest include radical left-wing student newspapers, large flyers and smaller protest handouts, special issues from mainstream media outlets, clippings, and North Korean and former Soviet Union Communist propaganda. Notably, the collection includes a full 12-month run of the Japanese magazine, Kisetsu. Protest movement ephemera also includes original writings, chiefly mimeographed essays and manuscript submissions for publication. The collection is strong in material relating to the BUND movement (Kyôsan Shugisha Dômei), the rise of Zengakuren radicalism, and the birth of the Japanese Red Army Faction (Sekigun-Ha). Materials and this collection guide are in the Japanese language. Romanized titles are given for books and serials.

Part of the collection's original printed material was featured in the landmark "1960s Graphism" exhibit curated by the Tokyo Printing Museum (Insatsu Hakubutsukan) in 2002. Other visual material of interest is available in the dedicated issues of Asahi Graph and Shisô included in the collection.

The collection is part of a larger gift pertaining to the radicalization of the student movement in Japan, including books, a video, and other items which are available as part of the holdings of the East Asian Collection in Duke University's Perkins Library.

Consumer Reports is a product testing and consumer advocacy nonprofit organization based in Yonkers, N.Y., founded in 1936. The Consumer Reports Advocacy records collection assembles materials relating to Consumer Reports' efforts at influencing public policy and addressing a variety of social issues. Materials originated at Consumer Reports main headquarters as well as at regional offices (Southwest Region, West Coast, Washington) more closely focused on advocacy activities. Materials include correspondence, press and publicity releases, clippings, research reports, policy papers, transcripts of testimony given before government and institutional agencies and committees, and other printed material. Social issues represented include antitrust investigations, automobile safety and rollover standards, child car seats, consumer credit, dairy products and food safety, household appliance safety, housing, insurance, lead poisoning, medical care, manufactured and mobile homes, mortgage bank practices, moving industry, pesticides, poverty, product liability, school lunch programs, steel and petroleum industry actions, telecommunications, and toy safety. Acquired as part of the John W. Hartman Center for Sales, Advertising & Marketing History.

The Consumer Reports Advocacy records collection assembles materials relating to Consumer Reports' efforts at influencing public policy and addressing a variety of social issues. Materials originated at Consumer Reports main headquarters as well as at regional offices (Southwest Region, West Coast, Washington) more closely focused on advocacy activities. Materials include correspondence, press and publicity releases, clippings, research reports, policy papers, transcripts of testimony given before government and institutional agencies and committees, and other printed material. Social issues represented include antitrust investigations, automobile safety and rollover standards, child car seats, consumer credit, dairy products and food safety, household appliance safety, housing, insurance, lead poisoning, medical care, manufactured and mobile homes, mortgage bank practices, moving industry, pesticides, poverty, product liability, school lunch programs, steel and petroleum industry actions, telecommunications, and toy safety. Acquired as part of the John W. Hartman Center for Sales, Advertising & Marketing History.

The Russian Posters Collection is divided into three series spanning the years 1919 to 1989: 30 posters emphasizing the benefits of communism and the first "Five Year Plan" for workers, the achievements of the USSR under communism, religion as an enemy of the people, and the struggle against and decline of capitalism; 14 placards from the 22nd Congress of the Communist Party of the USSR describing and depicting the strength of the country in industrial development, consumer goods, agricultural production, electrification, and the national welfare; and the collapse of the colonial system of imperialism and the problems facing capitalism; and last, ten posters from the "perestroika" period of the 1980s, most of which were exhibited in Moscow in 1988. In addition, the collection houses nine facsimiles of Russian posters from the 1920s-1930s. The posters have been digitized and are available online.

The Russian Posters Collection spans a good part of 20th century Russian political history, and is divided into three main groupings: 30 posters emphasizing the benefits of communism and the first "Five Year Plan" for workers, the achievements of the former USSR under communism, religion as an enemy of the people, and the struggle against and decline of capitalism; 14 placards from the 22nd Congress of the Communist Party of the former USSR describing and depicting the strength of the country in industrial development, consumer goods, agricultural production, electrification, and the national welfare, and the collapse of the colonial system of imperialism and the problems facing capitalism; and last, 26 posters from the "perestroika" period of the 1980s, most of which were exhibited in Moscow in 1988. In addition, the collection houses nine facsimiles of Russian posters from the 1920s-1930s. Some posters feature anti-religious slogans. The posters have also been digitized and are available online.

Henry Horenstein is an American photographer, author, teacher, and filmmaker based in Massachusetts. The collection comprises 247 black-and-white and color photographic prints selected from his projects, a large series of about 2500 contact sheets, and a few other related materials. Subjects in the project prints series include Horenstein's family and friends; beachgoers in Havana, Cuba; blues and country musicians, the venues where they play, and their fans; the human body in extreme close-ups; horse and stock car racing; burlesque and drag performers; and historic tri-racial communities in Maryland. Together, the prints and contact sheets offer landscapes, street scenes, storefronts, theaters, highways, museums, concerts, bars, nightlife, fairs, and people and animals in Cuba, Dubai, Germany, Los Angeles, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts and all of New England, Missouri, New York, Paris, Tennessee, Texas, Venezuela, and other places. The dominant format is gelatin silver, with some chromogenic and digital work; print sizes range from 8x10 to 20x24 inches. Acquired as part of the Archive of Documentary Arts at Duke University.

Collection comprises 247 black-and-white and color photographs taken by Henry Horenstein from 1970 to 2013, a large series of contact sheets spanning his career, and a few other supporting materials. Subjects range widely, with an emphasis on entertainment and music cultures. These images feature portraits of country and blues musicians, including Nathan Abshire, Dewey Balfa, Loretta Lynn, Del McCoury, Dolly Parton, Stringbean, and Doc Watson; other images show the venues where they perform and their families and fans. Another project documents drag and burlesque performers in Los Angeles, New York City, and Caracas and Buenos Aires, Venezuela. Other images include street musicians, honky-tonk bands, and barroom dancers and drinkers. The contact sheets series also includes many photographs of concerts and musicians.

Other project series feature Horenstein's family and friends; life on the El Malecón waterfront in Havana, Cuba; buildings, landscapes, and signs taken along Louisiana's highways; country shows at a historic theater in Branson, Missouri; extreme close-ups of the human body; spectators, drivers, stock cars, and vendors at a Connecticut motor speedway, 1972; and behind-the-scenes images of horse racing, including portraits of grooms, owners, bettors, horses in action and at rest, and jockeys, including portraits of Steve Cauthen and female jockey Joey Rusham.

The last series in the collection, "We Sort of People," references a project Horenstein undertook in collaboration with Leslie Tucker to document a cluster of small, tri-racial communities in southern Maryland, where she grew up, whose inhabitants are descendants of intermarriages between African American, white, and Native American people. The title of the project and its associated book (2023) originates from the phrase used by some residents who refer to their community as "we sort of people," calling attention to their unique racial and cultural identity.

The photographs in the collection range in size from approximately 8x10 to 20x24 inches. Photographic formats include chromogenic, pigment inkjet, and gelatin silver darkroom prints; the prints are often marked on the versos with edition numbers, printing dates, and other information, and are signed by the artist. Many have appeared in Horenstein's photobooks published throughout his career.

The estimated 2500 contact sheets in the collection are also black-and-white gelatin silver prints, with a few paper copies and digital prints; subjects include projects and shoots not found in the exhibit prints series. A sampling includes travel in France and Germany, camel racing and street scenes in Dubai, northeast country fairs, studies of animals, especially dogs, the neighborhood of Washington Street in Boston, and commercial shoots.

The series "Speedway 72" includes some proof prints, a speedway pass, and seven folders of layouts related to the artist's book, published in 2022.

The non-profit agency International Monitor Institute (IMI) operated between 1993 and 2003, primarily to assist international war-crimes tribunals by collecting, indexing and organizing visual evidence of violations of international human rights law. The International Monitor Institute Records span the dates 1986-2006, and primarily comprise audiovisual materials related to IMI's documentation of contemporary conflicts and human rights violations around the world. Countries represented include: Burma (Myanmar), Bosnia and Hercegovina, Cambodia, Kuwait, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, and Thailand. Includes master and use copies of approximately 6000 videocassettes and 100 audio tapes and audiocassettes. The video and audio material is indexed by an extensive database developed by IMI which includes keywords, air dates, segment producer, segment title, and in some cases, transcripts and stills from the video. There are also many photographs and slides taken in the same regions, depicting destruction in areas of conflict, forced labor, refugees and refugee camps, and protests. The majority of the photos were taken on the Burma/Thai border, in Bosnia and Hercegovina, and refugee camps in Rwanda. Finally, there are extensive organizational records, including an extensive database of the audiovisual components. Acquired as part of the Human Rights Archive.

Note: The video and audio tape holdings of the Interntional Monitor Institute records are described in separate finding aids. A large portion of these tapes, particularly that section dealing with the Balkans, is not yet processed. Inventories are currently available for the following sections:

Burma Tapes, circa 1990-2002

Rwanda Videotapes and Audiotapes, 1992-1999

The International Monitor Institute Records span the dates 1986-2006, and primarily consist of audiovisual materials related to IMI's documentation of contemporary conflicts and human rights violations around the world. Countries represented include: Burma (Myanmar), Bosnia and Hercegovina, Cambodia, Kuwait, Iraq, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, and Thailand. Includes master and use copies of approximately 6000 videocassettes and 100 audio tapes and audiocassettes. The video and audio material is indexed by an extensive database developed by IMI which includes keywords, air dates, segment producer, segment title, and in some cases, transcripts and stills from the video. There are also six boxes of photographs and slides taken in the same regions, depicting destruction in areas of conflict, forced labor, refugees and refugee camps, and protests. The majority of the photographs, almost all color snapshots, were taken on the Burma/Thai border, in Bosnia and Hercegovina, and refugee camps in Rwanda. One set of seven folders are images taken by staff of the Women's Commission for Refugee Women and Children (now known as the Women's Refugee Commission). There are other images that come from United Nations organizations, including the International Refugee Commission. Finally, organizational records from the offices of IMI comprise a significant amount of the materail in this collection, including an extensive database of the audiovisual components and transcripts from war crimes tribunals.

Addition (2007-0070) (approx. 4000 items, 120 linear ft.; dated 1990-2002) contains master and use copies of videocassettes related to human rights violations around the world.

Acquired as part of the Human Rights Archive.

Consumer Reports is a product testing and consumer advocacy nonprofit organization based in Yonkers, N.Y., founded in 1936. The audiovisual materials collection consists of non-print materials in a variety of formats: audio cassettes and tape reels; film; optical disks; phonograph disks; videocassettes and video reels. Materials document a range of activities at Consumer Reports, including: Consumer Reports' radio and television productions; footage of product testing; appearances of Consumer Reports personnel on news programs; mentions of Consumer Reports in the media; press releases and other publicity; recordings of staff and Board meetings and staff speeches; and taped testimonies. The collection also contains some microfilmed documents and digitized elements of Consumer Reports' publications. Acquired as part of the John W. Hartman Center for Sales, Advertising & Marketing History.

The audiovisual materials collection consists of non-print materials in a variety of formats: audio cassettes and tape reels; film; optical disks; videocassettes and reels; and digitally-born video and audio. Materials document a range of activities at Consumer Reports, including: Consumer Reports' radio and television productions; footage of product testing; appearances of Consumer Reports personnel on news programs; mentions of Consumer Reports in the media; press releases and other publicity; recordings of staff and Board meetings and staff speeches; and taped testimonies. The collection also contains some microfilmed documents and digitized elements of Consumer Reports' publications.

The McGraw-Hill Marketing Information Center was established in 1948 as a sales service for customers of the McGraw-Hill Publications Company. This large vertical file, developed by the McGraw-Hill Marketing Information Center, spans the years 1948 through 1991 and contains published articles, books, research studies, speech transcripts, and other materials on the subjects of marketing, sales, advertising, and corporate operations.

This large vertical file, compiled and indexed by the McGraw-Hill Marketing Information Center (MIC), spans the years 1948 through 1991 and contains published articles, books, research studies, speech transcripts, and other materials on the subjects of marketing, sales, advertising, and corporate governance. Material was gathered from about 125 sources, chiefly regularly-published administration, advertising, and marketing periodicals.

All descriptions and references in this inventory were written by the MIC and have been retained. The original organization of the vertical file and numbering system of the index have also been retained. Major topics are arranged in increments of five. For example: ADV 0 (Advertising's Role, Function, and Influence); ADV 5 (Advertising Agencies); ADV 10 (Advertising Appropriations); ADV 15 (Attitudes Towards Advertising), and so on through ADV 55 (Advertising Volume). These increments of five are standard throughout all the major areas except Administration (ADM).

Primary subdivisions are created by placing a colon following the 0, 5, 10, 15, etc., and adding a number starting with 1 and up the line as high as required (e.g., ADV 5:1). Secondary subdivisions are created by placing a hyphen after the number following the colon and again adding numbers as high as needed (e.g., ADV 5:1-1). Further subdivisions are developed by inserting a decimal point and number (e.g., ADV 5:1-1.1). Additional decimal points and numbers are added to subdivide as far as necessary (e.g., ADV 5:1-1.1.1).