Washington Duke papers, 1764-1987, bulk 1880-1905

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Summary

Creator:
Duke, Washington, 1820-1905
Abstract:
This artificial collection primarily documents Washington Duke's financial and philanthropic interests after his retirement from the tobacco industry in 1880 through his correspondence and bound volumes. An additional ledger and account book date from his family's move to downtown Durham in 1874, before the founding of W. Duke, Sons and Company. There is a small amount of legal documents and personal papers, including clippings, genealogical records, and photographic prints.
Extent:
2.6 Linear Feet (Six boxes, one oversize folder, and three volumes.)
Language:
Material in English.
Collection ID:
RL.00334

Background

Scope and content:

This collection primarily documents Washington Duke's financial and philanthropic interests after his retirement from the tobacco industry in 1880 through his correspondence and bound volumes. He was known for his generosity towards relatives, churches, and schools, especially Trinity College (now Duke University). An additional ledger and account book date from his family's move to downtown Durham in 1874, before the founding of W. Duke, Sons and Company. There is a small amount of legal documents and personal papers, including clippings, genealogical records, and photographic prints. Items that date from the 1970s-1980s tend to concern the Duke Homestead (where Duke began to dry tobacco) as a new state historic site.

Biographical / historical:
Date Event
1820 Dec. 20
Born in Little River, NC as eighth of ten children to Taylor and Dicey (Jones) Duke.
1842
Married Mary Caroline Clinton.
1844
Sidney Taylor Duke born.
1846
Brodie Leonidas Duke born.
1847
Mary Caroline Clinton died.
1850s
Settled on 300 acres four miles north of Durham's Depot.
1852
Married Artelia Roney, Alamance County.
1853
Mary Elizabeth Duke born.
1855
Benjamin Newton Duke born.
1856
James Buchanan Duke born.
1858
Artelia Roney Duke and Sidney Taylor Duke die of typhoid.
1864 Apr.
Drafted into Confederate Navy.
1865 Apr.
Taken prisoner in Richmond, VA.
1868
Joined Republican Party.
1874
Moved family and business to downtown Durham.
1878
Established W. Duke, Sons and Company.
1880
Retired from tobacco business.
1890
Offered Trinity College $85,000 to move from Randolph County to Durham.
1896
Gave Trinity College $100,000 endowment to admit women as students.
1905 May 8
Died; buried in family mausoleum in Maplewood Cemetery (Durham).
1936
Remains moved to Memorial Chapel of Duke University Chapel along with those of sons James and Benjamin.
Acquisition information:
The Washington Duke papers were initially assembled in 1951 from the former Trinity College papers and Benjamin Newton Duke papers. Over the years, additional transfers were made from the James Buchanan Duke papers and W. Duke, Sons and Company Records. Gifts to the collection came from Mary Duke Biddle Trent Semans in 1969; Wachovia Bank and Trust Company in 1959; and the Duke Homestead in 1972.
Processing information:

Processed by Madeleine Bagwell Perez, February 1990, with support from The Duke Endowment.

Encoded by Alvin Pollock.

Updated to add a missing folder title and adjust collection hierarchy by Tracy M. Jackson, March 2023. Further updated by Zachary Tumlin, January 2026.

Arrangement:

The Washington Duke papers are arranged into five series: Correspondence, Financial, Legal, Genealogical, and Miscellaneous.

Rules or conventions:
Describing Archives: A Content Standard

Subjects

Click on terms below to find related finding aids on this site. For other related materials in the Duke University Libraries, search for these terms in the Catalog.

Subjects:
Duke Homestead (Durham, N.C.)
Textile industry -- North Carolina
Tobacco industry -- North Carolina
Names:
Duke University
Trinity College (Durham, N.C.)
W. Duke, Sons & Co.
Duke family
Duke, Washington, 1820-1905
Places:
Durham (N.C.) -- History

Contents

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Restrictions:

Collection is open for research.

Terms of access:

The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to Duke University. For more information, consult the copyright section of the Regulations and Procedures of the David M. Rubenstein Rare Book and Manuscript Library.

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Preferred citation:

[Identification of item], Washington Duke papers, David M. Rubenstein Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Duke University.