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Language(s): All materials in Yiddish.

Xia Changying (b. 1946) is a resident of Diaoyutai Village, Yindian Town, Suizhou City, Hubei Province. Her father died when she was eight, and her mother died when she was thirteen. Since 1959 he and her four sisters suffered from constipation because of eating chaff. They also ate water elm bark and water grass. Zijin Mountain was called 'Mountain of the Dead' because many people, who worked on mines there for constructing blast furnace, died there. In 1964, when the Four Cleanups began, Xia married to a man in Minyue production team. She and the local people participated in reservoir construction during the daytime, and in criticizing those who hadn't cleaned up their reactionary elements at night. She specifically mentioned how Li, who was selected as the president of poor peasant association, lied to criticize other people.

XiaChangying (b.1928) is a resident of Shili village, Zoucheng City, Shandong Province. Xia went begging with her son and got here in 1959. At her home village, because the production team leader greatly exaggerated the grain production, no grain was left at people's house. A lot of people died of starvation, 5 out of 10 people died in her own family, and Cannibalism happened.

Xia Daini (b.1935) is a resident of Dameng Village, Luohe City, Henan Province. In the Spring of 1958, Xia was in confinement after giving birth to her daughter, and she was sick in bed because of hunger. Her grandmother ate some kinds of famine food. As a result, her stomach went wrong and she died in September. Xia remembers going out to solicit food after eating at the eating hall. With other companions, Xia walked lengths for food. Many still starved to death. The filmmaker's description of this interview has been translated into English.

Files related to conference celebrating 90th anniversary of Xiamen University

Xiang Layun (b.1930) is a resident of Huakou Village, Shuangjing Town, Xupu County, Huaihua City, Hunan Province. In this interview, Xiang recalls life during Land Reform and Great Famine. For the Land Reform they struggled the landlords and confiscated their properties, and each person in her family was distributed one mu of land. When People's Communal canteen started, people could eat as much as they liked, but later food supply became limited and was not enough. The Production Team stole food collectively and distributed to each family, so not many people starved to death.

Xiang Ma (b. 1937) is a resident of Xuanzhongyu Village, Baiyun Town, Shimen County, Hunan Province. In this interview, Xiang Ma recalls how she ate the bark of loquat tree during the Great Famine, and how she did not have enough money to treat her daughter's arthritis, which resulted in a sequela.

五台山显通寺佛塔

五台山显通寺佛塔

五台山显通寺佛塔

Xian Zongshi (b. 1944) lives in Longju Village, Baimi Town Hejiang County, Sichuan Province. He is the other interviewee, Cheng Wenbi's husband; they moved together to the Wu family's house after land reform. In this interview, Xian recalls his experiences during the Great Famine. Because his father died in the early fifties, his mother with bounded feet had to earn work points with the children when People's Commune was established in 1958. Xian ate whatever available at the time, and got terribly ill. In 1961, the Production Team cadres and the keeper divided the village's grains among themselves and accused the Liu brothers (Liu Chaoyun, Liu Chaogui, who are also interviewed) of stealing. They also took away the animals raised by the villagers to make up for the grains. Xian became the Production Team leader between 1972 and 1983, and has taken revenge on these old cadres during the Cultural Revolution.

Xiao Kaihan (b. 1932) is a resident of Xuanzhongyu Village, Baiyun Town, Shimen County, Hunan Province. Xiao worked as a commander of the local people's militia and the security director of the production team. In this interview, Xiao recounts how two other security leaders tied and beat production team members who worked for the project of Heping Reservoir in the winter of 1959. In the contrary, Xiao recounts how he himself took advantage of his position to save three villagers, who snatched or stole food to eat. The filmmaker's description of this interview has been translated into English.

Xiao Kaihua (b. 1929) is a resident of Xuanzhongyu Village, Baiyun Town, Shimen County, Hunan Province. In this interview, Xiao recalls how he survived the Great Famine because he served the production team with his tailoring skills. Xiao also talks about an old man, who passed out because of hunger, and the hungry wild jackals, which came to the village to eat children. The filmmaker's description of this interview has been translated into English.

Xiao Meiying (b. 1931) was born in Shantou, Guangdong Province. In this interview, Xiao recalls her life full of hardship. During the Japanese Occupation, Xiao fled from her hometown to Zhai Town, Guangdong Province when she was 12. She was then sold to a landlord and lived like a slave. She got married at 18 and moved to Zhaixia Village. Xiao also talks about her experiences during the Great Famine.

Correspondence

Xia Wangmei (b. 1917) is a resident of Tangwan Village, Hunan Province. In this interview, Xia recalls the impoverished life during the Great Famine and the villagers who died of starvation. Because she had too many kids, Xia had to stay at home and take care of them. However, she also needed to make five pairs of straw sandals for the production team everyday for 3 work points. Since the grain the kids got was very little, Xia saved her own portion for the kids and ate chaffs and vegetables. Nonetheless, six out of her nine kids died of starvation. Many villagers developed edema because of hunger, and the treatment was to eat a kind of candy made from dates.

Xie Hui (b.1937) is a resident of Jiujia Village, Guowang Town, Fengxiang County, Baoji City, Shaanxi Province. In this interview, Xie recalls experiences during the Great Leap Forward and the Great Famine. At that time he was still in school and went washing iron sands, and studied while doing labor. In order to aid the disaster areas in Northern Shaanxi, the original 45 jin of grains became 35, and later people went in turns to open up wasteland for farming to save food.|谢辉1937年出生，是陕西省宝鸡市凤翔县虢王镇九家庄的村民。在这段口述中，谢老人回忆了大跃进和大饥荒时期的经历。当时还在上学就去淘铁砂子，边学习边劳动。为了支援陕北灾区，原本45斤粮食变成35斤，后来还轮流去开荒种地，节约用粮。|Zhang La'ai (b.1943) is a resident of Jiujia Village, Guowang Town, Fengxiang County, Baoji City, Shaanxi Province. In this interview, Zhang recalls experiences during the Great Famine and Cultural Revolution, especially the shortage of food and the busy life of "asking for instructions in the morning and reporting in the evening".|张拉爱1943年出生，是陕西省宝鸡市凤翔县虢王镇九家庄的村民。 在这段口述中，张老人回忆了大饥荒和文化大革命时期的经历，尤其是食物的短缺和"早请示晚汇报"的忙碌生活。|Duan Guangyan (b.1938) is a resident of Jiujia Village, Guowang Town, Fengxiang County, Baoji City, Shaanxi Province. In this interview, Duan remembers life in the past. In 1960 he finished middle school, and the canteen was not bad to the students, but there was not much to eat at home. He still persisted to finish high school. He started working in 1963 and became a middle school teacher. In 1966 during the Cultural Revolution, he took the students to Beijing to see Chairman Mao. Later the school was revoked and he went logging for several years before getting back to teaching.

Xie Lide (b.1946) is a resident of Shuangjing Village, Shuangjing Town, Xupu County, Huaihua City, Hunan Province. He is Luo Yunbi's husband. In this interview, Xie talks about experiences during the Great Famine and Cultural Revolution. Helong meal began in 1958, he was in the fifth grade and only had six liang of food every day; not able to get full, he always ate sugar canes in the farm. He also remembers all kinds of food back then, people who died in the Production Team, and how they exchanged food from people in the mountainous areas with worn-out clothes and even daughters' marriages. During the Cultural Revolution he was in the army in Yantai, Shandong Province, and experienced class struggles every day. He especially cannot forget the incident of power seizure by the red guards that took place in 1967. The filmmaker's description of this interview has been translated into English.

Xie Yusui (b. 1939) was born in Shuangjing Village, Shuangjing Town, Xupu County, Huaihua City, Hunan Province. In this interview, Xie describes the difficulties since the beginning of the Great Leap Forward. Due to food shortage, people stole from the farm, the mountain or vegetable gardens. Later on, they carried coal for People's Commune Canteen from Haicongwan everyday. After 1960 when people began eating at the canteen, three people in her family (father, aunt, uncle) died, and so did many others living in her courtyard. The filmmaker's description of this interview has been translated into English.

Issues: vol. 13-vol. 17. Missing vol. 14-15.

Language(s): All materials in Yiddish.

Language(s): All materials in Yiddish.

Language(s): All materials in Yiddish.

颐和园荇桥

Xing Minglan (b.1935) is a resident of Shili village, Zoucheng City, Shandong Province. Xing says that the commnual canteen always cook rotten yam, rotten grain together, of which people could only get a small share, and they had to work in the field.

Correspondence (one letter)

Missing Persons

Xiong's thesis project is Mutual Players and consists of one digital film.

Xiong Jiahong (b. 1937) is a resident of Jiaochangba Village, Kuanzhuang, Fuming County, Kunming, Yunnan Province. Xiong was born in a poor peasant family and was a production team leader for a few years. During the Great Leap Forward, Xiong worked every day with his fellow villagers but they didn't have enough to eat. He complained about to some cadres but was accused of being 'reactionary' by cadres. Xiong's wife Yang Shizhen came from a landlord family in a nearby village. Xiong was too poor to afford betrothal gifts, so he married this landlord's daughter who didn't ask for any betrothal gifts. The transcript of this interview has been translated into English.

Xiong Xuezhen (b. 1923) is a resident of Baiyangshan Village, Baiyun Town, Shimen County, Hunan Province. In this interview, Xiong recalls how the women villagers were forced to make charcoal in the mountains and how the bones of tomb owners without progenies were digged out to make farming fertilizers after the people's commune canteen was established. Xiong also recounts how her family survived the famine because she and her husband were working for the canteen.

Xiong Yun (b. 1940) is a resident of Xiaobaipo Village, Kuanzhuang, Fuming County, Kunming, Yunnan Province. During the period of communal canteens, Xiong was a teenager. Many people were slowly starved to death. Thus, a 'nutrition canteen' was set up to amass sick people and serve a little bit more rice. Later when individual families could keep pigs, people had to hand in their pork and offer a pig tail as evidence. Xiong was a teacher in a non-public school in the village and was paid poorly. The transcript of this interview has been translated into English.

Language(s): All materials in Yiddish.

Language(s): All materials in Yiddish.

Transliteration: Elu ṿa-elu: XIV

Unknown and text files.

Christmas newsletters from Anne and Andy.

Allen Temple Baptist Church, Oakland, CA

Luke 2:1-7.

Boldrins