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Contains personal and professional correspondence chiefly relating to Turner's private practice. Topics include a trip Turner took to Charleston, South Carolina in 1792, requests for Turner's medical services and advice, and two letters asking Turner to cover a debt owed to his son-in-law. Significant correspondents are many, including Revolutionary War period military officials and physicians; there is also an exchange of two letters between Turner and George Washington on the topic of Turner's plan to reorganize the medical department of the Continental Army (the plan is not included), and eight letters from Turner to Thomas Jefferson (1805-1807) regarding Turner's claim for proper compensation for his military service and Turner's views of Jefferson's political situation. Also included is a letter from Judith Sargent Murray to Turner's wife, Lucy, concerning Turner's daughter Elizabeth's visit to Sargent Murray. Many other pieces of correspondence are also located in the Peace Service in New York, Revolutionary War, Turner Family Papers, and War of 1812 Series. Arranged in chronological order.

Drafts and receipts made out to Philip Turner, the majority for his medical care in Norwich, Connecticut and New York, New York. Also included are a draft made out to Capt. Philip Turner (Turner's father) by Benedict Arnold Sr. (father of the notable son of the same name), the Norwich land deed made out to Turner's father, an account ledger for John Morgan kept during the Revolutionary War, and two financial ledgers documenting Turner's private practice.

Two volumes: "Philip Turner's Day-Book, March 19, 1803" and "Philip Turner's Medical Collections and Experimental Observations" (circa 1774-1801). Originally used to record information on Turner's patients, more than half the pages in the daybook have been pasted over with later newspaper clippings (circa 1830s), presumably by Turner's grandson, John Turner Wait, whose name appears on the inside cover of the volume.

Chiefly correspondence relating to Turner's assignment as surgeon's mate at Fort Columbus on Governor's Island, New York. Correspondents include William Eustis (then Secretary of War), Henry Dearborn, Thomas Tudor Tucker (Treasurer of the United States), William Simmons (accountant of the War Department), and Tench Coxe (purveyor of public supplies). The majority of the correspondence deals with the ordering and delivery of medical supplies for Fort Columbus, in particular the absence of supplies and complaints about the problems associated with their delivery. Also included are correspondence and several documents detailing Turner's pay for his service.