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The Manchuria prints form the largest group in the China series, reflecting in part the amount of time Shockley spent in this important mining region. Manchuria has a complex history of occupation by the Chinese, Japanese, Koreans, and Russians, and is now represented by several provinces (Liaoning, Jilin, Inner Mongolia); even today the region around the city of Shenyang ("Moukden") is known for its international population. Because of this, locations and ethnicities in Shockley's images can be difficult to decipher.