Dismal Swamp Land Company records, bulk circa 1660s-1860s, bulk 1810-1879

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Summary

Creator:
Washington, George, 1732-1799, Walker, Thomas, 1715-1794, and Meade, R.K. (Richard Kidder), 1803-1862
Abstract:
Collection comprised of 9 boxes of company records and 5 ledgers of organizational material of the Dismal Swamp Land Company, a shingle production company in existence between 1763-1879. Letter books, receipts spanning the entirety of the company's existence, and legal documents make up the bulk of the collection.
Extent:
4 Linear Feet
Language:
Materials in English.
Collection ID:
RL.10175

Background

Scope and content:

The Dismal Swamp Land Company records consist of company records spanning the 17th-19th centuries, with the bulk falling in the mid-to-late 19th century. The majority of records consist of financial documentation, including receipts for the purchase of equipment by the Company and numerous receipts for customers detailing quantities and prices of shingles purchased. Monthly ledgers and an account book are also present. The records include legal documents surrounding surveys of the Dismal Swamp, indentures, wills, and several powers of attorney for shareholder meetings. Incoming correspondence intended for the Company's presidents, mainly from employees and shareholders, makes up the majority of the Correspondence series.

Biographical / historical:

The Dismal Swamp Land Company, originally operated as the Dismal Swamp Company, was a Suffolk, Va., enterprise founded in 1763 by George Washington, Thomas Walker, William and Thomas Nelson, Robert Burwell, John Robinson, Fielding Lewis, Anthony Bacon, John Lyme, Samuel Gist, Robert Tucker, and William Walters. The number of shareholders grew as original owners divested their interests and family inherited stakes. The company often relied on enslaved laborers either owned by the company or its proprietors. Many of the enslaved workers fled with the British during the Revolutionary War. The company operated between 1763-1879 and was originally interested in agricultural pursuits (including rice cultivation), but the sale of cypress shingles and staves proved more profitable. Reincorporated in 1814 as the Dismal Swamp Land Company, the company became profitable through lumbering in the early 1800s. The company went under as a result of post-Civil War economic conditions and concurrent decrease in the shingle trade. It dissolved in 1879.

Acquisition information:
The Dismal Swamp Land Company Records was received by the David M. Rubenstein Rare Book Manuscript Library as a gift in 1939.
Processing information:

Processed by Liz Adams, December 2015.

Updated with additional historical note and subject headings by Meghan Lyon, August 2023.

Arrangement:

Materials arranged by topic, and then by date.

Rules or conventions:
Describing Archives: A Content Standard

Contents

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Restrictions:

Collection is open for research.

Terms of access:

The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to Duke University. For more information, consult the copyright section of the Regulations and Procedures of the David M. Rubenstein Rare Book & Manuscript Library.

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Preferred citation:

[Identification of item.] Dismal Swamp Land Company, David M. Rubenstein Rare Book & Manuscript Library, Duke University.